Individuals aged 18-65 years who have been clinically diagnosed with spinal cord injury and have developed paraplegia will be included in the study. Demographic and clinical data of the participants, including age, sex, height, weight, etiology of injury, level of injury, duration of injury, and comorbidities, will be recorded. In addition, disease-specific characteristics such as ambulation status, wheelchair use, presence of incontinence, and presence and severity of pain will be assessed. For the healthy control group, demographic data including age, sex, height, weight, and comorbidities will be recorded. Motor imagery performance of the participants will be evaluated using a computer-based left/right judgment task. In this context, both upper extremity (hand) and lower extremity (foot) images will be used to record reaction time (motor imagery reaction time) and accuracy rate. All tests will be performed under standardized conditions, in a seated position, and using the same device.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
128
No intervention
Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Trainig and Research Hospital
Istanbul, Bahcelievler, Turkey (Türkiye)
Motor Imagery Reaction Time - Upper Extremity
Reaction time (in milliseconds) required to correctly identify left or right hand images in a computer-based motor imagery task. Longer reaction times indicate impaired motor imagery processing.
Time frame: Baseline
Motor Imagery Reaction Time - Lower Extremity
Reaction time (in milliseconds) required to correctly identify left or right foot images. Higher values indicate slower motor imagery performance.
Time frame: Baseline
Functional Independence
Functional independence will be assessed only in individuals with spinal cord injury. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence.
Time frame: Baseline
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale (HADS-A)
Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression Subscale (HADS-D)
Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline
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