This study investigated the effects of three exercise modalities: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and combined exercise on the risk of arteriosclerosis in sedentary postmenopausal women.
This study aims to compare the effects of different kinds of exercise on the risk of arteriosclerosis in sedentary postmenopausal women. Participants were recruited and randomly assigned to aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined exercise or control group. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Endothelial function indicators, chronic inflammation indicators, arteriosclerosis related indicators, blood pressure indicators were assessed before and after the intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
113
School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University
Beijing, China
Flow mediated dilation (FMD)
The change of flow mediated dilation before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)
The change of baPWV before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
The change of ABI before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT)
The change of cIMT before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
The change of SBP before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
The change of DBP before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Peak systolic velocity (PSV)
The change of PSV of carotid artery before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
End diastolic velocity (EDV)
The change of EDV of carotid artery before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Pulsatility index (PI)
The change of PI of carotid artery before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
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No intervention
Resistance index (RI)
The change of RI of carotid artery before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Wall Shear Stress (WSS)
The change of WSS of carotid artery before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Nitric oxide (NO)
The change of serum NO before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Prostacyclin (PGI2)
The change of serum PGI2 before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Endothelin-1 (ET-1)
The change of serum ET-1 before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Angiotensin II (AngII)
The change of serum AngII before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
C-Reactive protein (CRP)
The change of serum CRP before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
The change of serum IL-6 before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Estrogen
The change of serum estrogen before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)
The change of serum sICAM-1 before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)
The change of serum sVCAM-1 before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Total Cholesterol (TC)
The change of serum TC before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
The change of serum HDL-C before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
The change of serum LDL-C before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWd)
The change of LVPWd before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole (LVPWs)
The change of LVPWs before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Stroke volume (SV)
The change of SV before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Heart rate (HR)
The change of HR before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
The change of LVEF before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Cardiac output (CO)
The change of CO before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS)
The change of serum eNOS before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)
The change of VO2max before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Body mass index (BMI)
The change of BMI before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Body fat weight
The change of body fat weight before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Body fat%
The change of body fat% before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)
The change of PSQI before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)
The change of FFQ before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) mRNA and Protein Expression
The change of CD14 mRNA and Protein Expression before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) mRNA
The change of MAPK14 mRNA before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) Protein Expression
The change of p38 MAPK Protein Expression before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Tetraspanin 4 (TSPAN4) mRNA and Protein Expression
The change of TSPAN4 mRNA and Protein Expression before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) mRNA and Protein Expression
The change of NOS3 mRNA and Protein Expression before and after intervention.
Time frame: 12 weeks