A Multimodal Prospective Cohort Study of Parkinsonism

UMSARS total score

Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale total score to assess motor and disease-related clinical severity. Higher scores indicate worse impairment.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

MDS-UPDRS total score

Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total score to assess Parkinsonian symptom severity. Higher scores indicate worse impairment.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

PSPRS total score

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale total score to assess disease severity in participants with PSP features. Higher scores indicate worse impairment.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Tinetti gait and balance test score

Tinetti gait and balance test score to assess gait and balance performance. Lower scores indicate worse gait and balance function.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Berg Balance Scale score

Berg Balance Scale score to assess balance function. Lower scores indicate worse balance.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Hoehn and Yahr stage

Hoehn and Yahr stage to assess Parkinsonian disease stage. Higher stages indicate more advanced disease.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

NMSQ total score

Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire total score to assess non-motor symptom burden. Higher scores indicate greater non-motor symptom burden.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

SCOPA-AUT total score

Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic total score to assess autonomic dysfunction. Higher scores indicate worse autonomic symptoms.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

SS-16 olfactory score

Sniffin' Sticks 16-item olfactory identification score to assess olfactory function. Higher scores indicate better olfactory performance.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Wexner constipation score

Wexner constipation score to assess constipation severity. Higher scores indicate worse constipation symptoms.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

PDQ-39 total score

Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 total score to assess health-related quality of life. Higher scores indicate worse quality of life.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

EAT score

Eating Assessment Tool score to assess swallowing difficulty. Higher scores indicate worse swallowing symptoms.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

RBDSQ total score

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire total score to assess REM sleep behavior disorder symptoms. Higher scores indicate worse symptom burden.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

PSQI total score

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score to assess sleep quality. Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

HAMD-17 total score

17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total score to assess depressive symptoms. Higher scores indicate worse depressive symptom severity.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

HAMA total score

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score to assess anxiety symptoms. Higher scores indicate worse anxiety symptom severity.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

MoCA score

Montreal Cognitive Assessment score to assess global cognitive function. Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

MMSE score

Mini-Mental State Examination score to assess global cognitive function. Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

FAB score

Frontal Assessment Battery score to assess frontal executive function. Higher scores indicate better executive performance.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Oxyhemoglobin level during postural and motor testing

Oxyhemoglobin level measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during postural and motor testing as a quantitative indicator of brain functional response.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Deoxyhemoglobin level during postural and motor testing

Deoxyhemoglobin level measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during postural and motor testing as a quantitative indicator of brain functional response.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Total hemoglobin level during postural and motor testing

Total hemoglobin level measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during postural and motor testing as a quantitative indicator of brain functional response.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

24-hour mean systolic blood pressure

Mean systolic blood pressure measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Units: mmHg.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure

Mean diastolic blood pressure measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Units: mmHg.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

24-hour mean heart rate

Mean heart rate measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Units: beats per minute.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Tremor frequency

Tremor frequency measured by tremor analysis as a quantitative indicator of tremor characteristics.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Tremor amplitude

Tremor amplitude measured by tremor analysis as a quantitative indicator of tremor severity.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Timed Up and Go test duration derived from wearable assessment

Timed Up and Go (TUG) test duration derived from wearable device-based assessment to evaluate mobility and functional movement performance.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Machine vision-derived UPDRS Part III score

Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III motor score estimated using machine vision-based video assessment to quantify motor impairment.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Structural MRI

Prespecified structural MRI-derived quantitative measure, such as regional brain volume or cortical thickness, assessed to characterize disease-related neuroanatomical changes.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Resting-state functional MRI

Prespecified resting-state functional MRI quantitative measure, such as functional connectivity within a predefined brain network, assessed to characterize disease-related functional brain changes.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Diffusion tensor imaging

Prespecified diffusion tensor imaging quantitative parameter, such as fractional anisotropy or mean diffusivity in a predefined tract or region of interest, assessed to characterize microstructural changes.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Quantitative susceptibility mapping

Quantitative susceptibility mapping value measured in a prespecified brain region to assess iron-related imaging changes.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI

Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity measured in a prespecified brain region to assess disease-related imaging changes.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Tau PET/MR

Standardized uptake value ratio measured by tau PET/MR in a prespecified brain region using a prespecified tau tracer to assess tau-related signal.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

DAT PET/MR

Standardized uptake value ratio measured by dopamine transporter PET/MR in a prespecified brain region to assess dopaminergic terminal integrity.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

FDG PET/MR

Standardized uptake value ratio measured by FDG PET/MR in a prespecified brain region to assess regional glucose metabolism.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Mean cerebral blood flow velocity during postural testing

Mean cerebral blood flow velocity measured during postural testing using continuous cerebral blood flow monitoring and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to assess hemodynamic changes associated with postural challenge.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Heart rate during postural testing with continuous hemodynamic monitoring

Heart rate measured during postural testing using continuous hemodynamic monitoring performed together with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to assess autonomic and hemodynamic responses to postural challenge.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Quantitative speech parameter from standardized speech assessment

Quantitative speech parameter measured during standardized speech assessment performed in a sound-controlled room to evaluate speech-related changes associated with Parkinsonism.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Quantitative high-density electroencephalography parameter

Quantitative parameter derived from 64-channel high-density electroencephalography to assess neurophysiological changes associated with disease progression.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Quantitative polysomnography parameter

Quantitative parameter derived from respiratory sleep monitoring to assess sleep-related physiological abnormalities during follow-up.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Quantitative paired transcranial stimulation parameter

Quantitative parameter derived from paired transcranial stimulation to assess cortical excitability and related neurophysiological changes.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years

Quantitative blood biomarker level

Quantitative level of a prespecified blood biomarker measured in biospecimens collected during follow-up to assess biological changes associated with disease progression.

Time frame: Baseline and annually for up to 5 years