The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between bruxism and neuromuscular function, as well as athletic performance, in a population of amateur athletes. Particular attention will be paid to musculoskeletal disorders associated with bruxism, particularly in the shoulder. Participants' history of sports injuries will also be recorded. To control for the effect of potential confounding variables, levels of stress, anxiety, and mood, as well as sleep quality, will be systematically measured using validated questionnaires.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
120
University of Liège
Liège, Belgium
Muscular Tone
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : F - Natural Oscillation Frequency \[Hz\], characterizing Tone or Tension (higher values = higher tension)
Time frame: Baseline
Dynamic Stiffness
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : S - Dynamic Stiffness \[N/m\] (This biophysical parameter reflects the muscle's ability to resist contractions or external stresses to deformation, it can increased with exercice or pain)
Time frame: Baseline
Muscular elasticity
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives parameter of the neuromuscular function: D - Logarithmic Decrement \[relative unit\], characterizing Elasticity (Higher values = lower elasticity)
Time frame: Baseline
Muscular Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time \[ms\] (low value correspond to fast tissue recovers its shape)
Time frame: Baseline
Muscular Creep
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time \[relative unit\], characterizing Creep (Higher Creep Value: Indicates higher fluidity, meaning the muscle is less rigid)
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Baseline
Maximal grip strength test
Will be evaluated with the Eforto device, which is the first validated device to measure maximal grip strength test. One value in kPa. Higher values indicate higher muscle strength.
Time frame: Baseline
Muscle fatigue
Will be evaluated with the Eforto device, which is the first validated device to measure muscle fatigability (fatigue resistance test, which was shown to reflect the level of both muscle energy and metabolism, neuromuscular function, and immune and stress responses). One value obtained, in seconds. Cut-off normative values in healthy 25-35 year-old male and female people are available, and lower values indicate increased muscle fatigability.
Time frame: Baseline
Trapeze isometric force
Will be evaluated with dynamometer, higher values (unit is N) meaning higher muscular isometric force
Time frame: Baseline
Muscular Tone
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : F - Natural Oscillation Frequency \[Hz\], characterizing Tone or Tension (higher values = higher tension)
Time frame: 15-30 minutes after training
Dynamic Stiffness
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : S - Dynamic Stiffness \[N/m\] (This biophysical parameter reflects the muscle's ability to resist contractions or external stresses to deformation, it can increased with exercice or pain)
Time frame: 15-30 minutes after training
Muscular elasticity
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives parameter of the neuromuscular function: D - Logarithmic Decrement \[relative unit\], characterizing Elasticity (Higher values = lower elasticity)
Time frame: 15-30 minutes after training
Muscular Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time \[ms\] (low value correspond to fast tissue recovers its shape)
Time frame: 15-30 minutes after training
Muscular Creep
Myotonometry will be performed with the MyotonPRO device, a digital palpation device, on the masseter, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, erector spinae and quadriceps muscles at rest, The device gives : C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time \[relative unit\], characterizing Creep (Higher Creep Value: Indicates higher fluidity, meaning the muscle is less rigid)
Time frame: 15-30 minutes after training
Shoulder - passive range of motion
Measurement of passive range of motion in internal and external rotation of the shoulder using a goniometer (in degrees), with the arm abducted 90° in the frontal plane. The higher values correspond to the higher passive range of motion
Time frame: Baseline
Cervical spine mobility
Cervical spine mobility (flexion, extension, lateral flexion to the right and left, and rotation to the right and left). Assessment using a ordinal scale with values : Good, limited, very limited, from better to worse outcomes.
Time frame: Baseline
Athletic performance
Athletic performance will be assessed and measured at the start of training and after the warm-up using a test specific to each sport. For swimmers, a 50-meter crawl at maximum speed will be timed. For handball players, a T-test will be conducted and measured using photoelectric sensors. This test evaluates speed and accuracy on a course of cones arranged in a T-shape with specific distances between the cones (spaced 5 to 10 meters apart). The lower values correspond to the better athletic performance.
Time frame: Baseline
History of sports injuries
Obtained through questioning following International Olympic Committee guidelines. Descriptive outcome. Score severity according to the number and the severity of the injuries.
Time frame: Baseline