The goal of this study is to see if mandala coloring helps improve state mindfulness, mood and psychological distress in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study will also compare mandala coloring with free-form coloring. The main questions are: Does mandala coloring improve state mindfulness in hemodialysis patients compared to free-form coloring? Does mandala coloring improve mood compared to free-form coloring? Does mandala coloring reduce psychological distress compared to free-form coloring? Participants will be placed into two groups. One group will do mandala coloring and the other group will do free-form coloring. Both groups will complete assessment before and after the activity. Researchers will compare results from before and after the activity and also between the two groups, to see if there are any differences.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
This intervention involves a single-session structured mandala coloring activity using standardized printed mandala designs on A4 sheets. All participants receive the same design to ensure consistency and reduce variation across individuals. The intervention is designed as a brief, low-cost, non-pharmacological behavioral technique aimed at inducing relaxation and enhancing state mindfulness in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
This comparator intervention will involve a single-session free-form drawing activity using plain white A4 sheets and colored pencils. Participants were instructed to draw freely without predefined patterns or structured designs.
Sheikh Zayed Hospital, OMC Dialysis Center
Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
State Mindfulness
State mindfulness will be assessed using the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS), a self-report questionnaire, rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = extremely).
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention
Mood
Mood will be assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), a 20-item self-report scale rated on 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely).
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention
Psychological Distress
Psychological distress will be assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), a 21-item scale rated on a 0-3 Likert scale where 0 = did not apply to me at all and 3 = applied to me most of the time.
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention
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