Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy Based Educational Program on Glycemic Self-Monitoring, Diabetes Self-Management Knowledge, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

N/ANot Yet RecruitingNCT07571590

Jerash Private University400 enrolled

Overview

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-based educational program on glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the educational program or a control group receiving standard care. The educational program is designed to enhance patients' confidence (self-efficacy) in managing their condition, including blood glucose monitoring, adherence to treatment, lifestyle modification, and self-care practices. Outcomes will be assessed using validated tools to measure improvements in self-monitoring behaviors, knowledge, and quality of life. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving diabetes management and patient outcomes.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires continuous self-management, including blood glucose monitoring, medication adherence, diet control, and lifestyle modification. Poor self-management is associated with increased risk of complications and reduced quality of life. Self-efficacy, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to perform specific behaviors, plays a critical role in diabetes self-management. Educational interventions based on self-efficacy theory have shown potential in improving patients' confidence and ability to manage their condition effectively. This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-based educational program among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A total of 400 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Participants in the intervention group will receive a structured educational program focusing on enhancing self-efficacy related to glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes knowledge, and self-care behaviors. The program will include interactive sessions, practical demonstrations, and educational materials. The control group will receive standard care provided by healthcare services. Data will be collected at baseline and after the intervention using validated instruments to assess glycemic self-monitoring practices, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life. The primary outcomes of this study include improvement in glycemic self-monitoring behaviors and diabetes-related knowledge. Secondary outcomes include improvement in health-related quality of life. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the role of self-efficacy-based interventions in chronic disease management and may inform future clinical practice and educational strategies.

Interventions

Self-Efficacy-Based Educational ProgramBEHAVIORAL

A structured self-efficacy-based educational program designed for adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to improve glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life. The program is grounded in self-efficacy theory and aims to enhance patients' confidence in performing diabetes self-care behaviors. The intervention is delivered through scheduled educational sessions conducted by trained healthcare professionals and includes interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and practical training. Key topics include blood glucose self-monitoring, medication adherence, dietary management, physical activity, complication prevention, and problem-solving strategies for diabetes self-care. Educational materials such as printed booklets and visual aids are used to reinforce learning. The program is implemented over a defined number of sessions within a specified period, while the control group receives standard routine care only.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 years and above * Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) * Attending Jordanian Ministry of Health healthcare facilities for at least six months with regular follow-up visits * Able to perform or learn self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) * Able to use a glucometer independently * Willing to participate and provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes * Patients with physical or cognitive impairments that limit the ability to perform SMBG independently * Pregnant or lactating women * Patients with severe medical conditions such as renal failure or cardiovascular instability that may affect participation * Patients with other conditions that may hinder study participation * Patients who do not provide informed consent * Patients who fail to respond to study instruments * Patients who participated in similar educational programs within the past six months * Patients currently using corticosteroid medications due to their effect on blood glucose levels

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors Measured Using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ)

Change in diabetes self-management behaviors measured using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). The DSMQ is a 16-item validated self-report instrument developed by Schmitt et al. (2013) to assess diabetes self-care behaviors that influence glycemic control, including glucose management, dietary control, physical activity, and healthcare utilization. Items are rated on a Likert scale, with higher scores indicating better self-management.

Time frame: Baseline and 3 months after intervention

Secondary Outcomes

Diabetes Knowledge Measured Using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ)

Change in diabetes knowledge measured using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ). The DKQ is a validated 24-item instrument developed to assess patients' understanding of diabetes management, including causes, symptoms, complications, diet, exercise, medication adherence, and blood glucose control. Items are answered in a Yes/No/Don't know format, with one point awarded for each correct answer. Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater diabetes knowledge.

Time frame: Baseline and 3 months post-intervention