A COMBINATION OF RECTAL INDOMETHACIN AND COLD WATER EXPOSURE OF THE AMPULLA AFTER ERCP IS SUPERIOR TO RECTAL INDOMETHACIN ALONE IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF POST-ERCP PANCREATITIS -RCT

Overview

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has emerged as the primary modality in the management of biliary and pancreatic disease. The complications occurring from ERCP can range from mild to fatal. Procedure related complications are Pancreatitis , Bleeding , Infections- Cholangitis, Cholecystitis , Perforations of which Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common serious adverse event. Reported incidence of PEP is 8.6-10.7% according to studies(overall RCTs).In India it is 6.6% (2020 study). Prevention as well as early detection and management of PEP results in a satisfactory outcome. Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses show rectal indomethacin/diclofenac significantly reduce PEP in average- and high-risk patients; now recommended by ASGE/ESGE for nearly all ERCPs. Other measures for prevention of PEP are prophylactic pancreatic duct stents in high-risk anatomy/instrumentation; wire-guided cannulation; minimizing PD contrast; periprocedural aggressive lactated Ringer's hydration. Cryoprevention effect was shown to reduce postprocedure papillary edema and thus lower the risk of PEP 1. Rectal NSAIDs reduce but do not eliminate PEP. 2. Cold-water ampullary cooling is biologically plausible but under-studied. 3. First study to demonstrate if combination of rectal indomethacin and cold-water irrigation may have a synergistic effect. 4. First study in Indian population.

• Assess whether combination therapy reduces PEP compared to NSAIDS alone. Secondary Aims: * Compare PEP severity (Cotton grading and revised Atlanta criteria). * Adverse effects * Length of hospital stay and/or intensive care unit stay * Assess feasibility and adherence and fidelity of cooling protocol. * Explore effect modification by baseline PEP risk (average vs high-risk), type of intervention (diagnostic vs therapeutic ERCP), and prophylactic pancreatic stenting use DESIGN AND DURATION OF THE STUDY: Single centre pilot randomised control superiority trail over 12 months with 30 days followup INCLUSION / EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * Inclusion criteria: * Standard ERCP indication * Consent given * Exclusion criteria: * Pregnancy and lactation * Chronic calcific pancreatitis / pancreatic divisum / pancreatic head malignancy / acute pancreatitis within 14 days of ERCP * ERCP for biliary/pancreatic stent exchange or removal or prior biliary sphincterotomy * Chronic kidney disease with GFR \<30 or acute kidney injury. * Presence of rectal anomaly * Active GI bleeding or high bleeding risk precluding NSAIDs;platelet \<50000/L;INR \>1.5 not correctable * NSAID allergy * Cirrhosis Child-Pugh C * Temp instability or severe cardiopulmonary disease precluding cooling/shock risk. * Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (Type 3)