This study aims to evaluate the burden and phenotypic spectrum of periodontal disease in patients with rare kidney disorders (such as Alport syndrome, Fabry disease, and tuberous sclerosis complex) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), compared with chronic kidney disease (CKD) controls and population controls. This is a cross-sectional, case-control observational study. Participants will undergo a single structured evaluation including a full-mouth periodontal examination, a clinical questionnaire, and collection of relevant clinical and nephrological data. The primary objective is to compare the prevalence of periodontitis across study groups. Secondary objectives include characterization of periodontal disease severity, prevalence of gingivitis and xerostomia, and identification of disease-specific oral phenotypes. Exploratory analyses will assess associations between periodontal disease and clinical variables such as kidney function, proteinuria, and immunosuppressive exposure.
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with systemic inflammation and has been linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity and outcomes. However, data regarding periodontal disease in rare kidney disorders remain limited. Rare renal diseases such as Alport syndrome, Fabry disease, and tuberous sclerosis complex, as well as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), may present unique biological and treatment-related factors influencing periodontal health. This study is a cross-sectional, controlled observational study designed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in these populations. Participants will be recruited from Fundeni Clinical Institute Adult Nephrology Department and general population sources. Each participant will undergo a single study visit including a standardized full-mouth periodontal examination performed by a calibrated dentist, a structured questionnaire, and extraction of clinical data from medical records. The primary outcome is the prevalence of periodontitis, defined according to the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases. Secondary outcomes include measures of periodontal disease severity and associated oral conditions. Statistical analyses will include descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and multivariable regression models adjusted for relevant confounders.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Non-interventional observational assessment including periodontal examination and clinical data collection.
Fundeni Clinical Institute
Bucharest, Romania
Prevalence of Periodontitis
Prevalence of periodontitis defined according to the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
Mean Probing Pocket Depth (PPD)
Mean probing pocket depth (in millimeters) measured across all examined sites during full-mouth periodontal examination.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
Mean Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)
Mean clinical attachment level (in millimeters) measured across all examined sites during full-mouth periodontal examination.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
Percentage of Sites with Probing Pocket Depth ≥6 mm
Percentage of periodontal sites with probing pocket depth of 6 mm or greater, reflecting severe periodontal involvement.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
Percentage of Sites with Bleeding on Probing (BOP)
Percentage of periodontal sites exhibiting bleeding on probing during full-mouth periodontal examination, as a marker of gingival inflammation.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
Prevalence of Gingivitis
Proportion of participants with clinical signs of gingival inflammation without attachment loss, consistent with gingivitis.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
Prevalence of Xerostomia
Proportion of participants reporting subjective dry mouth symptoms or presenting clinical evidence of reduced salivary flow.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
Presence of Disease-Specific Oral Findings
Presence of oral manifestations associated with underlying systemic disease, such as gingival fibromas, mucosal lesions, or enamel defects.
Time frame: At the single study visit (baseline)
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