ICGA for Vascular Embolism After Hyaluronic Acid Injection

Overview

Facial vascular embolism following hyaluronic acid injection is a rare but potentially serious complication that may lead to tissue ischemia, necrosis, and scarring. Early assessment of local tissue perfusion is important for evaluating treatment response and predicting clinical outcomes. This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate whether indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) can provide objective, real-time information on tissue perfusion in patients with facial vascular embolism after hyaluronic acid injection. The study will review existing medical records, ICGA imaging data, and follow-up information from patients treated at a single center. The main question is whether ICGA findings before and after initial rescue therapy can help assess early perfusion recovery and identify patients who may require additional intervention or develop persistent tissue damage.

This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study. The study will use existing clinical data generated during prior routine care, including medical records, ICGA imaging data, and follow-up documentation. No additional examinations, treatments, or study-specific follow-up visits will be introduced. The study focuses on patients with facial vascular embolism following hyaluronic acid injection who underwent ICGA assessment before and immediately after initial rescue therapy. ICGA was performed as part of prior clinical evaluation to visualize local tissue perfusion in real time. Quantitative perfusion-related parameters were obtained using imaging analysis software. The analysis will compare ICGA-based perfusion changes within the same patient before and after initial rescue therapy. The study will also explore whether baseline perfusion status and early perfusion recovery are associated with subsequent clinical management and tissue outcomes. Patients may be descriptively stratified according to whether additional intervention was required after initial rescue therapy. All data will be collected retrospectively and de-identified before analysis. The study does not alter previous clinical decision-making and does not expose participants to additional physiological risk. The main study-related risk is potential loss of confidentiality, which will be minimized through de-identification, restricted access to study data, and secure data storage.