Adding VR-Based Episodic Future Thinking Training to Executive- Function Training for Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Control Group (EF-only group): Participants received a 2-week standardized, non-immersive conventional executive function (EF) training, with 6 sessions per week (45 minutes per session) under researcher supervision, targeting core executive processes such as inhibitory control and working memory. Experimental Group (EF+VR-EFT group): On the basis of the same conventional EF training as the control group, participants additionally completed a 20-minute VR-based episodic future thinking (VR-EFT) module per session, delivered via PICO headsets through immersive gameplay in a controlled clinical setting.

Experimental Group (EF+VR-EFT group): On the basis of the same 2-week conventional EF training, participants additionally completed a VR-based episodic future thinking (VR-EFT) module in each session. Their executive function achieved more significant and stable improvements, particularly in higher-order domains.