Open heart surgery is often associated with postoperative pulmonary complications, reduced lung expansion, dyspnea, and impaired cardiopulmonary function. Breathing exercises are commonly used after surgery to improve lung ventilation, enhance oxygenation, and support respiratory recovery. However, limited evidence is available comparing the effectiveness of segmental breathing exercises and active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) in patients after open heart surgery. This randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of segmental breathing exercises and ACBT on dyspnea and cardiopulmonary parameters in adults undergoing open heart surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the segmental breathing exercise group, the ACBT group, or the standard care group during the postoperative period following extubation. Cardiopulmonary parameters, including oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as dyspnea severity and postoperative pulmonary complications, will be assessed before and after the interventions. The findings of this study may help identify the most effective breathing exercise technique for improving respiratory outcomes, reducing postoperative pulmonary complications, and supporting evidence-based postoperative rehabilitation after cardiac surgery.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effects of segmental breathing exercises (SBE) and active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) on dyspnea, cardiopulmonary parameters, and postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing elective open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: segmental breathing exercises group, active cycle breathing technique group, or standard care group. Patients in the intervention groups will perform the assigned breathing exercises after extubation, including sessions conducted 1 hour and 6 hours post-intervention during the early postoperative period. Cardiopulmonary parameters, including oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure parameters, will be monitored throughout hospitalization. Dyspnea and postoperative pulmonary complications, including atelectasis and pneumonia, will also be assessed. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise interventions in improving postoperative respiratory outcomes and reducing pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. The study also aims to support evidence-based postoperative rehabilitation practices for healthcare professionals caring for patients after open-heart surgery.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
99
Deep breathing exercises focusing on specific lung segments to improve ventilation, lung expansion, and oxygenation in post open heart surgery patients.
A combination of breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, and forced expiration technique to improve airway clearance and lung function.
Participants will receive routine postoperative care according to institutional protocols following cardiac surgery. This includes standard medical and nursing management such as oxygen therapy, pain control, monitoring of vital signs, and mobilization as tolerated, without additional structured respiratory physiotherapy interventions.
Ibn Al-Bitar Specialized Hospital for Cardiac Surgery
Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
RECRUITINGIraqi Center for Heart Diseases
Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
RECRUITINGAl-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Hospital
Karbala, Kerbala Governorate, Iraq
RECRUITINGOxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Assessment of peripheral oxygen saturation in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises (segmental breathing exercises or active cycle breathing technique)
Time frame: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Respiratory Rate
Assessment of respiratory rate in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises.
Time frame: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention,1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention
Heart Rate
Assessment of heart rate in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises.
Time frame: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Pulse Pressure
Assessment of Systolic Blood Pressure Pulse Pressure, and Diastolic Blood Pressure in patients after open heart surgery undergoing breathing exercises.
Time frame: Measurements will be obtained at baseline pre-intervention, 1 hour post-intervention, and 6 hours post-intervention during hospital stay
Dyspnea Index
Assessment of dyspnea index in patients after open heart surgery using a standardized dyspnea scale contain ten questions for score 0 = Never. 1 = Almost never. 2 = Sometimes. 3 = Almost always. 4 = Always , the higher number is the worst that to evaluate changes before interventions and after implementation of segmental breathing exercises or active cycle breathing techniques.
Time frame: measur at baseline pre-intervention and post-intervention after 6 hours.
Rusul Khalid Kadhim, Master Student
CONTACT
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