This retrospective observational study evaluates physiological and cognitive changes following a series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions in healthy individuals. Participants underwent treatment five days per week, each session included 90 minutes exposure to 100% oxygen at 2ATA with a five-minute air break every 20 minutes. Pre- and post-treatment data include cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and standardized cognitive assessments. The study aims to characterize associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance following repeated HBOT exposure in a real-world clinical cohort
This retrospective observational study analyzes data collected from healthy adults who completed a full treatment series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions at the Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research. Each session included 90 minutes exposure to 100% oxygen at 2ATA with a five-minute air break every 20 minutes The primary objective is to evaluate physiological adaptations to repeated HBOT exposure using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metrics, including aerobic capacity and exercise performance parameters. A secondary objective is to examine concurrent changes in cognitive function as assessed by standardized neurocognitive testing performed as part of routine clinical evaluation. The study utilizes de-identified data extracted from clinical records and institutional databases. As a retrospective analysis, no intervention or allocation was performed for research purposes. The study aims to explore potential relationships between changes in physical performance and cognitive outcomes following HBOT in in a real-world clinical cohort
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
1,000
60 consecutive hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) sessions, 5 sessions per week within a three months' period
Exercise Duration During CPET
Total duration the participant is able to continue the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) protocol until voluntary exhaustion or termination criteria are reached. Unit of Measure: Minutes
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Peak Workload During CPET
Highest external work rate achieved during CPET on a cycle ergometer. Unit of Measure: Watts (W)
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Peak Metabolic Equivalent (METs) During CPET
Highest metabolic equivalent level achieved during treadmill-based CPET. Unit of Measure: METs
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Ventilatory Threshold Oxygen Uptake (VT1/VT2)
Oxygen uptake measured at ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) during CPET, reflecting metabolic transition during exercise. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Ventilatory Threshold Workload
Workload achieved at ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) during CPET. Unit of Measure: Watts (W)
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Ventilatory Threshold Heart Rate
Heart rate recorded at ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) during CPET. Unit of Measure: Beats per minute (bpm)
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Time to Ventilatory Threshold
Elapsed exercise time at which ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) are reached during CPET. Unit of Measure: Minutes
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Change in Cognitive Function Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Change in standardized cognitive performance scores measured before and after completion of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions using NeuroTrax cognitive battery test.
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
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