The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether active virtual reality reduces pain and anxiety more effectively than passive virtual reality during office-based ENT procedures. The main procedures include exposure to virtual reality (passive calming scenery or interactive puzzle game) via Paperplane Therapeutics software with VR headset or glasses during common in-office ENT procedures, participant self-report surveys (GAD-7, PHQ-9, PEG, VAS, SUDS, Likert, experience questions), and physician post-procedure survey. The study will enroll individuals 18 years or older who are scheduled to undergo common office-based ENT procedures (turbinate reduction, nasal debridement, balloon sinuplasty, radiofrequency ablation, nasal polypectomy, eustachian tube dilation, vocal fold injection, or subglottic steroid injection) at Cedars-Sinai.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
132
Exposure to calming scenery through passive virtual reality using Paperplane Therapeutics software with VR headset or glasses during common in-office ENT procedures
Exposure to interactive game through virtual reality using Paperplane Therapeutics software with a VR headset or glasses during common in-office ENT procedures.
Cedars Sinai Medical Offices East Tower
Los Angeles, California, United States
Post-Procedure Pain Assessed Using the Visual Analog Scale
Post-procedure pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, ranging from 0 to 100 mm, where 0 mm indicates "no pain" and 100 mm indicates "worst imaginable pain." Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Immediately after the office-based ENT procedure
Post-Procedure Anxiety Assessed Using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale
Post-procedure anxiety will be assessed using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale, ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates "totally relaxed" and 100 indicates "highest distress/fear/anxiety/discomfort that you have ever felt." Higher scores indicate greater distress.
Time frame: Immediately after the office-based ENT procedure
Clinician Experience with Virtual Reality Use
Clinician experience with virtual reality use will be assessed using seven physician-reported items rated on a 5-point Likert agreement scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Two composite scores will be derived: Feasibility (items 1-4) and Observed Patient Comfort (items 5-7). Selected items will be reverse-coded so that higher composite scores indicate more favorable clinician ratings of virtual reality feasibility and observed patient comfort.
Time frame: Immediately after the office-based ENT procedure
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