Periodontal Disease in Patients With Lynch Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥18 years; 2. All sexes eligible 3. Established diagnosis of LS performed as part of clinical practice, with a germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in one of the following genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EpCAM 4. LS subjects undergoing surveillance gastrointestinal endoscopy according to clinical practice and international guidelines. 5. Subjects underwent dental and periodontal examination Exclusion Criteria: 1. Age \< 18 years; 2. Absence of sufficient periodontal clinical or radiographic data to establish a periodontal diagnosis; 3. Subjects affected by systemic, autoimmune, chronic inflammatory, neurological, or severe psychiatric disorders, or by any other clinical condition that may interfere with study participation or data interpretation 4. Subjects with systemic conditions known to strongly affect periodontal status (e.g. uncontrolled diabetes, autoimmune inflammatory diseases, ongoing cancer therapy) were excluded to reduce major confounding factors that could independently alter periodontal outcomes.