Periodontal Biocompatibility of Pediatric Crowns

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital21 enrolled

Overview

Different full-coverage crown materials are widely used in pediatric dentistry for the restoration of primary teeth with extensive substance loss. Since these restorations remain in close contact with gingival tissues for prolonged periods, they may influence periodontal health depending on their surface characteristics, marginal adaptation, and biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stainless steel crowns (SSC), prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZC), and fiber-glass crowns (FGC) on periodontal health in children using both clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers, including IL-1β and MMP-8, within a split-mouth study design.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

Conditions

Oral Health Pediatric Dentistry Stainless-steel Crown Matrix Metalloproteinase Periodontal Health

Interventions

Clinical periodontal assessments were carried out for all participants at baseline (T0), as well as during the third-month (T1) and sixth-month (T2) follow-up visits. The clinical periodontal status was assessed with the probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). For each patient, GCF measurements and sample collection were performed at baseline (T0), as well as during the third-month (T1) and sixth-month (T2) visits. MMP-8 and IL-1β analyses were performed on GCF samples by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 6 YearsMax age: 9 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Children who were aged between 6 and 9 years * Children had a score of 3 or 4 on the Frankl Behavioral Scale * Children had an indication for full coronal restoration in the primary second molars in all the three quadrants * Presence of extensive or chronic carious lesions involving the pulp with radiographic scores ranging between 2 and 3 * Presence of localized hypoplastic defects * Normal or non-resorbed interproximal bone levels, defined radiographically as a distance of no more than 2 mm between the interdental bone crest and the cementoenamel junction * Those where the root resorption level was blunt or the apex was rounded, and those where 1/4 of the root has been resorbed Exclusion Criteria: * Children had any systemic disease * History of allergy to local anesthetic agents, nickel, or resin-based restorative materials * Extremely poor oral hygiene * Periodontal disease * Malocclusion

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

assessment of probing pocket depth (PPD)

probing pocket depth (PPD) was measured the distance between the gingival margin and the deepest point of the sulcus. PPD was evaluated from six surfaces (mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual/mesiopalatal, midlingual/midpalatal, and distolingual/distopalatal) of the teeth. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe.

Time frame: From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months

assessment of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

MMP-8 was performed on GCF samples by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the Medical Biochemistry Research and Application Laboratory of the Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine. Twenty-four hours before the assay procedure, the eppendorf tubes were removed from the deep freezer and allowed to thaw progressively at -20 °C followed by +4 °C. Prior to analysis, both the samples and assay reagents were equilibrated to room temperature (18-25 °C). Each GCF specimen was analyzed individually without combining the samples. The results were expressed in ng/mL (MMP-8).

Time frame: in the sixth month (after sample collection was complete)

Assessment of bleeding on probing (BOP)

Bleeding on probing (BOP) scores were obtained from four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal/lingual) of the primary second molars. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe.

Time frame: From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months

Assessment of plaque index (PI)

Plaque index (PI) scores were obtained from four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal/lingual) of the primary second molars. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe.

Time frame: From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months

Assessment of Gingival index (GI)

Gingival index (GI) scores were obtained from four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal/lingual) of the primary second molars. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe.

Time frame: From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months

Assessment of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

In GCF samples taken from patients, IL-1β level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions at the Medical Biochemistry Research and Application Laboratory of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine. Twenty-four hours before the assay procedure, the eppendorf tubes were removed from the deep freezer and allowed to thaw progressively at -20 °C followed by +4 °C. Prior to analysis, both the samples and assay reagents were equilibrated to room temperature (18-25 °C). Each GCF specimen was analyzed individually without combining the samples. The results were expressed in pg/mL (IL-1β).

Time frame: in the sixth month (after sample collection was complete)

Periodontal Biocompatibility of Pediatric Crowns

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes