Background: University students are at high risk for HPV infection, while HPV vaccination rates remain low. Message framing strategies may influence vaccination-related perceptions and intentions. Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on HPV risk perception, HPV knowledge, and vaccination intention among university students. Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study includes university students from the health sciences faculty of a foundation university. Participants are assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. Data are collected using the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale and the HPV Risk Perception Questionnaire. Statistical analyses include one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. The study is designed in accordance with CONSORT 2010 and EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines. Keywords: message framing; gain-loss framing; human papillomavirus; vaccination
This randomized controlled experimental study examines the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on university students' HPV knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination intention. A total of 927 university students were assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. The study evaluates the relationship between message framing and vaccination-related outcomes among university students.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
177
Participants received gain-framed messages emphasizing the benefits of HPV vaccination.
Participants received loss-framed messages emphasizing the consequences of not receiving HPV vaccination.
Ankara Medipol Üniversitesi
Ankara, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
HPV vaccination intention
Participant intention to receive the HPV vaccine measured immediately after message exposure using a self-reported vaccination intention scale.
Time frame: Immediately after message exposure
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