Effects of a Five-Dimensional Intervention Program Based on Inner Strength on Demoralization Syndrome in Elderly Cancer Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 60 years * Diagnosis of a malignant tumor confirmed by pathological biopsy or imaging, in accordance with the Diagnosis and Treatment Specifications for Malignant Tumors * Fulfillment of the diagnostic criteria for demoralization syndrome, described as a score \> 30 on the Chinese version of the Demoralization Scale (DS) * Clear consciousness, with the capability to communicate effectively or complete questionnaires, and no evidence of cognitive impairment * Voluntary participation with signed informed consent * Expected survival ≥ 3 months, without vital organs' severe dysfunction, including the liver, kidneys, or heart Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of psychiatric disorders, severe cognitive impairment, aphasia, or other conditions that would interfere with participation in the intervention or assessments * Severe complications, cachexia, or rapidly progressing disease * Receipt of psychological interventions or psychotropic medications within the previous month * Transfer to another hospital, withdrawal from the study, or loss to follow-up during the study period * A history of alcohol or drug dependence