Effect of TECAR Therapy on Pain, Balance, and Quality of Life in Elderly Men With Knee Osteoarthritis

Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical and radiographic diagnosis of mild and moderate bilateral or unilateral knee osteoarthritis meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. * Presence of chronic knee pain lasting for more than 6 months. * Ability to ambulate independently with or without an assistive device. Exclusion Criteria: * Severe knee osteoarthritis (grade IV) requiring imminent surgical joint replacement. * History of previous knee arthroplasty, internal fixation, or significant trauma to the affected lower extremity. * Presence of pacemakers, metallic implants in the knee region, or severe. - peripheral vascular disease (absolute contraindications for TECAR therapy). * Intra-articular injections (corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, or hyaluronic acid) into the knee within the past 3 months. * Cognitive impairment or systemic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis).