Evaluation of Corrective Surgery Versus Dental Implants in Compromised Mandibular Molars

Inclusion Criteria: * Good oral hygiene and motivation for follow-up care. * Ability to understand and sign informed consent. * Localized Root/Periodontal Disease: Severe attachment loss or bone loss (e.g., severe localized periodontitis) affecting the mesial root, while the other root remains healthy. * Furcation Involvement: Class II or III furcation involvements where the disease cannot be treated by conventional methods. * Vertical root fracture confined to the mesial root. * Non-treatable perforation in the mesial root. * Extensive sub-gingival root caries affecting the mesial root. * Extensive un-treatable internal and external root resorption related to the mesial root. Exclusion Criteria: * Uncontrolled systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, bleeding disorders, immunosuppression). * Fused or poorly shaped roots, * Active periodontal or endodontic infection at adjacent teeth that may interfere with treatment outcomes. * Severe bruxism or occlusal parafunction. * History of radiation therapy in the head and neck region. * Pregnancy or lactation. * Poor compliance or inability to attend follow-up visits. * Smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day.