PET-Enabled Dual-Energy CT in Multiple Myeloma

N/ANot Yet RecruitingNCT07646873

University of California, Davis45 enrolled

Overview

This pilot study will evaluate a new imaging method called PET-enabled dual-energy CT for measuring bone and soft-tissue composition in bone marrow. The study will enroll adults with multiple myeloma who are scheduled to receive CAR T-cell therapy and healthy adult participants. All participants will undergo research imaging with dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT and X-ray dual-energy CT. Participants with multiple myeloma will have imaging before CAR T-cell therapy and again after therapy. Healthy participants will have one imaging visit. The main goal is to compare bone and soft-tissue fraction measurements from PET-enabled dual-energy CT with measurements from standard X-ray dual-energy CT. The study will also explore whether corrected PET measurements are associated with bone marrow measurable residual disease, treatment response, and CAR T-cell therapy toxicities in participants with multiple myeloma. This study is not expected to provide direct medical benefit to participants. The information learned may help improve future PET/CT imaging methods for cancer evaluation.

This is a single-institution, prospective pilot study evaluating PET-enabled dual-energy CT (DECT) for quantitative bone marrow imaging. The study will enroll adults with multiple myeloma who are scheduled to receive CAR T-cell therapy and healthy adult participants for comparison. PET-enabled DECT is an imaging method that uses data from a standard time-of-flight PET/CT scan to generate a high-energy attenuation image. This image is combined with the standard X-ray CT image to create a dual-energy image pair. The goal is to measure tissue composition, including bone fraction and soft-tissue fraction, without requiring dedicated dual-energy PET/CT hardware. All participants will undergo research imaging with dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT and X-ray DECT. Participants with multiple myeloma will undergo baseline imaging before CAR T-cell therapy and follow-up imaging after therapy. Healthy participants will undergo one imaging visit. Multiple myeloma participants will also have bone marrow measurable residual disease (MRD), treatment response, and CAR T-cell therapy toxicity data collected from standard clinical care or related clinical assessments. The primary objective is to develop and validate the new DECT method for quantitatively measuring tissue compositions of bone marrow regions in multiple myeloma and healthy participants using X-ray DECT as the reference. Secondary objectives include: To determine whether bone fraction in bone marrow differs between MM patients and healthy participants and whether PET-enabled DECT can accurately estimate bone fraction for correcting PET-based bone-marrow metabolic measurements; and, to evaluate relationships between corrected PET measures and bone marrow MRD and treatment response and toxicities of CAR T-cell therapy in MM patients This study is exploratory and is designed to collect preliminary data to support future larger studies. The research imaging is not intended to guide clinical care, and participants are not expected to receive direct medical benefit from participation. The information learned may help improve quantitative PET/CT imaging methods for future cancer evaluation and treatment monitoring.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: For all research participants: * Adults (age ≥ 18 years old) * Ability to understand and willingness to sign an informed consent form * Ability to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements. * Willing and able to fast for at least 6 hours before and for the duration of the scan * No strenuous exercise for 24 hours prior to being scanned * Willing to lie on the scanner bed for up to 60 minutes For healthy volunteers only: • Free of history of cardiovascular, inflammatory, infections or metabolic diseases that would result in changes in bone marrow. For cancer patients only: * Patients with multiple myeloma who are planned to receive CAR T-cell therapy with any FDA-approved product, including Idecel and Ciltacel. Patients with prior chemo-immunotherapy are permitted. * Able to undergo bone marrow aspirate/biopsy procedure Exclusion Criteria: * Self-reported history of dysphoria or anxiety in closed spaces * Body weight \>240 kg due to limitations of the scanner bed * Pregnant or breast-feeding (due to risks of ionizing radiation; urine pregnancy test will be administered prior to start of each PET/CT session for all participants between 18 to 60 years old who are able to get pregnant, unless documented hysterectomy or bilateral ovarian removal is available) * Blood glucose greater than 200 as assessed by fingerstick method before injection of 18F-FDG * Concurrent or prior enrollment in a separate research study involving a PET scan performed within the last 12 months for research purposes only. That is, PET scans are not performed as part of a patient's treatment plan (e.g. standard of care, therapeutic purposes, or clinical care) and the research study did not intend to provide therapeutic benefit to the patient. * Prisoners * Any condition that would prevent the understanding or rendering of informed consent. * Any comorbidity that, in the opinion of the investigator, could compromise protocol objectives.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Agreement between PET-enabled DECT and X-ray DECT measurements of bone marrow tissue fractions

Agreement between PET-enabled dual-energy CT and standard X-ray dual-energy CT will be assessed for quantitative bone fraction and soft-tissue fraction measurements in bone marrow regions.

Time frame: Baseline imaging visit; and for multiple myeloma participants, follow-up imaging at approximately Day +90 after CAR T-cell therapy initiation

Secondary Outcomes

Difference in bone marrow bone fraction between multiple myeloma participants and healthy participants

Bone fraction in bone marrow regions will be compared between participants with multiple myeloma and healthy participants using PET-enabled DECT and X-ray DECT measurements.

Time frame: Baseline imaging visit

Corrected 18F-FDG standardized uptake value in bone marrow

Bone marrow 18F-FDG standardized uptake value will be corrected for bone fraction using PET-enabled DECT-derived tissue fraction measurements.

Time frame: Baseline imaging visit; and for multiple myeloma participants, follow-up imaging at approximately Day +90 after CAR T-cell therapy initiation

Association between corrected PET measures and bone marrow measurable residual disease

Corrected PET measures, including corrected standardized uptake value and kinetic parameters, will be evaluated for association with bone marrow measurable residual disease in multiple myeloma participants.

Time frame: Baseline and follow-up assessments through approximately Day +90 after CAR T-cell therapy initiation

Association between corrected PET measures and CAR T-cell therapy response and toxicities

Corrected PET measures, including corrected bone marrow standardized uptake value and 18F-FDG kinetic parameters, will be evaluated for association with CAR T-cell therapy response and toxicities in participants with multiple myeloma.

Time frame: Baseline imaging through approximately Day +90 after CAR T-cell therapy initiation

PET-Enabled Dual-Energy CT in Multiple Myeloma

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

Central Contacts