Cesarean section (CS) rates have increased substantially worldwide and in Egypt, where they now account for the majority of deliveries. Maternal and neonatal outcomes may differ between elective and emergency CS. Emergency cesarean sections are generally associated with higher maternal morbidity, including increased risks of postpartum hemorrhage, infection, blood transfusion, longer operative time, and prolonged hospital stay. Neonatal outcomes following emergency CS may also be less favorable, with higher rates of low Apgar scores, respiratory distress, and NICU admission. However, findings remain inconsistent across studies, highlighting the need for further prospective research to comprehensively compare maternal and fetal outcomes between elective and emergency cesarean deliveries.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
210
emergency cesarean section
elective cesarean section
• Maternal morbidity composite outcome • Neonatal morbidity composite outcome
Time frame: From cesarean delivery until hospital discharge (up to 7 days postpartum).
Length of stay
Time frame: From cesarean delivery until maternal hospital discharge (days), up to 7 days postpartum.
Operative time
Time frame: Assessed during cesarean section, from skin incision to skin closure (minutes).
Infection rate
Time frame: From cesarean delivery through 6 weeks postpartum.
Effect of confounding factors on neonatal outcomes (gestational age at delivery, type of anaesthesia)
Time frame: Assessed at birth and during neonatal hospitalization, up to 28 days after birth.
Effect of confounding factors on maternal outcomes (BMI)
Time frame: BMI assessed at admission for delivery; association with maternal outcomes evaluated from cesarean delivery through hospital discharge (up to 7 days postpartum).
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