This study will evaluate whether three-minute six-dimensions education(3M-6D education) can improve the reliability of large language models as medical assistants for the general public. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive or not receive 3M-6D education and then use ChatGPT, Gemini, or non-AI information resources. The study will assess relevant condition identification, disposition concordance, red-flag identification, and NASA-TLX score.
This randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept simulation trial will evaluate whether three-minute six-dimensions education (3M-6D education) can improve the reliability of large language models as medical assistants for the general public. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio to one of five study groups: the 3M-6D education GPT group, the GPT group, the 3M-6D education Gemini group, the Gemini group, or the control group. Participants in the 3M-6D education GPT and 3M-6D education Gemini groups will receive approximately three minutes of education before using ChatGPT or Gemini.Each participant will be randomly assigned one of 10 standardized clinical scenarios and complete a simulated counseling task in unrestricted natural language within approximately 10 minutes. The study will assess relevant condition identification, disposition concordance, red-flag identification, and NASA-TLX score.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
527
3M-6D education is designed based on Cognitive Load Theory to reduce the cognitive burden on patients during medical interactions with AI and to improve the clarity and completeness of symptom reporting. Guided by cognitive load theory and the natural process physicians use to take medical histories, the investigators identified candidate information dimensions and developed a structured expression framework with six dimensions for public health queries through a Delphi expert consensus process. Participants were instructed to use the framework to describe their symptoms across these six dimensions; this process can typically be completed within three minutes, so the investigators call this approach three minutes six dimensions education (3M-6D education).
Participants use ChatGPT to complete a standardized simulated clinical scenarios in unrestricted natural language.
Beijing Ctiy
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Relevant conditions identification is defined as the proportion of participants whose final response includes the expert-defined final diagnosis or a relevant differential diagnosis.
Time frame: 1 hour.
Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Disposition concordance is defined as the proportion of participants whose final care recommendation matches the expert-defined level. The five levels are self-care, routine outpatient care, urgent outpatient care, emergency department visit, and emergency medical services.
Time frame: 1 hour.
Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Participants use Gemini to complete a standardized simulated clinical scenarios in unrestricted natural language.
Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Red-flag identification is defined as the proportion of participants whose final response includes the key warning signs that experts defined for the assigned scenario.
Time frame: 1 hour.
Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
Time frame: 1 hour.
Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
Time frame: 1 hour.