This study aim to assess for the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (Inflammatory thyroid Lesions)
The relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis is well established in multiple organ systems, including the liver, stomach, and colon. In the thyroid, chronic lymphocytic infiltration may create a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that promotes cellular proliferation, DNA damage, and oncogenic transformation. Several studies have suggested an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
98
Diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer: The presence of thyroid cancer was determined based on histopathological examination of the resected specimen
Faculty of medicine
Minya, Minya Governorate, Egypt
• Incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid cancer with autoimmune thyroiditis
Title: Incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid cancer Unit of measure: % of patients (proportion) Metric/method: Histopathological examination of surgical specimen
Time frame: At time of surgery (postoperative histopathology)
Incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid cancer by autoimmune thyroiditis subtype
Unit of Measure Percentage of patients within each subtype (Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter) Metric / Method Histopathological classification of thyroiditis subtype and cancer diagnosis; comparison using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test
Time frame: At time of surgery
Outcome 3A: Age comparison
Outcome Measure Title Mean age difference between patients with and without incidental differentiated thyroid cancer Unit of Measure Years (mean ± standard deviation) Metric / Method Unpaired Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test
Time frame: At time of surgery
Outcome 3B: Sex distribution
Field Entry Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies who have incidental differentiated thyroid cancer Unit of Measure Percentage of patients Metric / Method Serological testing (anti-TPO antibodies measured by immunoassay); Chi-square test or logistic regression for association
Time frame: Preoperative (within 30 days before surgery)
Secondary Outcome 4 - Tumor characteristics Outcome 4A: Tumor size
Outcome Measure Title Maximum tumor diameter in incidental differentiated thyroid cancers Unit of Measure Centimeters (mean ± standard deviation and range) Metric / Method Pathological measurement of surgical specimen
Time frame: At time of surgery
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Outcome 4B: Microcarcinoma proportion
Outcome Measure Title Proportion of incidental thyroid cancers that are microcarcinomas (≤1 cm) Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Pathological measurement; defined as tumor size ≤1 cm
Time frame: At time of surgery
Outcome 4C: Lymph node metastasis
Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with incidental differentiated thyroid cancer who have lymph node metastasis Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Histopathological examination of central neck dissection specimens
Time frame: At time of surgery
Outcome 4D: Multifocality
Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with incidental differentiated thyroid cancer who have multifocal disease Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Histopathological examination (two or more distinct tumor foci)
Time frame: At time of surgery
Outcome 3E: Extrathyroidal extension
Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with incidental differentiated thyroid cancer who have extrathyroidal extension Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Histopathological examination (minimal or extensive extension)
Time frame: At time of surgery