Interplay of Central and Peripheral Vascular Effects of Insulin in Obesity

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 to 65 years of age Individuals with obesity and comorbid IR * BMI 30-45 kg/m2 * Waist circumference ≥102 cm (men) or ≥88 cm (women) * HOMA-IR ≥2.5 Healthy normal weight adults * BMI 18-25 kg/m2 * Waist circumference \<94 cm (men) and \<80 cm (women) * HOMA-IR \<2 Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy, breastfeeding * Unable to provide consent * Diabetes or polycystic ovarian syndrome * Known history of cardiovascular disease: heart failure, ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, stroke * Nerve/neurologic disease * Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \>100 mmHg) * Active cancer (excluding basal cell carcinoma or stage 1 squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) * Current smoking, tobacco, nicotine use * Use of pharmacological therapy for weight loss * Body weight change \>10% within the last 6 months * Adherence to \>150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/exercise * Participation in any other research study or medical procedure involving significant ionizing radiation exposure in the past 12 months * Claustrophobia * Non-MRI compatible metal implants