The goal of this observational study is to learn whether red dichromatic imaging (RDI) can help doctors see the bronchoscopic field more clearly after a biopsy. The study will include adults who need a bronchoscopic biopsy because doctors can see an abnormal area inside the airway.During a bronchoscopic biopsy, bleeding can happen after tissue is taken. Blood may cover the biopsy area and make it harder for doctors to see where to continue the procedure. RDI is an imaging mode that uses special colors of light to help show blood-covered areas more clearly.The main question this study aims to answer is:Does RDI improve visibility of the bronchoscopic field after bleeding caused by bronchoscopic biopsy? Researchers will compare images taken with standard white light imaging and RDI during the same bronchoscopy procedure. Both types of images will be taken after the first biopsy and before any field-clearing treatment is done. Participants will have bronchoscopic biopsy as part of their regular medical care, have images taken using standard white light imaging and RDI during the same procedure, have routine follow-up for possible medical problems after bronchoscopy. Taking part in this study will not add extra biopsies or change the participant's regular medical care.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
206
Red dichromatic imaging (RDI) is an optical imaging mode used during bronchoscopy. In this observational study, RDI images and standard white light imaging images will be collected during the same clinically indicated bronchoscopy procedure after the biopsy. RDI will be evaluated for its ability to improve post-biopsy bronchoscopic field visibility. The study will not assign participants to treatment groups, add extra biopsies, or change routine clinical care.
Anhui Chest Hospital
Hefei, Hefei, China
Huzhou Central Hospital
Zhejiang, Huzhou, China
The Second Hospital of Jiaxing
Zhejiang, Jiaxing, China
Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Zhejiang, Jinhua, China
The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
Zhejiang, Ningbo, China
Shanghai Chest Hospital
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
Zhoushan Hospital
Zhejiang, Zhoushan, China
Proportion of post-biopsy bronchoscopic fields judged suitable for direct procedural continuation
Paired white light imaging and red dichromatic imaging images will be assessed by independent evaluators. A bronchoscopic field will be judged suitable for direct procedural continuation if the biopsy site, lesion surface, or lesion boundary remains identifiable and biopsy or subsequent bronchoscopic procedures can continue without additional field-clearing intervention.
Time frame: Periprocedural
Visual distinguishability score between the bleeding area and surrounding blood-covered background
Paired white light imaging and red dichromatic imaging images will be assessed by independent evaluators. The visual distinguishability between the biopsy-related bleeding area and the surrounding blood-covered background will be scored on a 4-point scale. A score of 1 indicates that the two areas are almost indistinguishable, and a score of 4 indicates that the two areas are clearly distinguishable and easy to identify.
Time frame: Periprocedural
Objective color difference between the bleeding area and surrounding blood-covered background
Objective color difference will be measured using paired white light imaging and red dichromatic imaging images. Regions of interest will be selected from the biopsy-related bleeding area and the surrounding blood-covered background. Color parameters will be measured in the CIE 1976 L\*a\*b\* color space, and the overall color difference will be calculated as ΔE. Differences in the L\*, a\*, and b\* channels may also be analyzed.
Time frame: Periprocedural
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