This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted respiratory training on fatigue, pain, and respiratory parameters in patients after open heart surgery.
Open heart surgery and related procedures (such as sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and chest tubes) can negatively affect pulmonary functions and cause postoperative pain, fatigue, and limited respiratory muscle function. While standard care involves respiratory exercises, there is insufficient data regarding the combination of upper extremity Range of Motion (ROM) exercises with deep breathing. This study will utilize AI-generated educational videos, created using tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Adobe Firefly, to guide patients in performing these exercises safely and correctly. Participants will be randomized into three groups: a Rhythmic Breathing group, a Range of Motion-Deep Breathing (ROM-DB) group, and a Control group. The interventions will be applied for three consecutive days. The study will evaluate outcomes including respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, pain levels, fatigue, dyspnea, and chest tube drainage volume.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
111
Patients in this group will watch an artificial intelligence-generated educational video on a tablet. Following the visual and auditory instructions in the video, they will perform a rhythmic breathing exercise consisting of inhaling for 3 seconds, holding the breath for 3 seconds, and exhaling for 3 seconds. The exercise will be performed for 5 repetitions, once a day, for 3 consecutive days under the supervision of the researcher.
Patients in this group will watch an artificial intelligence-generated educational video on a tablet. They will perform upper extremity range of motion (abduction and adduction) exercises synchronized with deep inspiration and expiration. This exercise will be performed for 5 repetitions, once a day, for 3 consecutive days under the supervision of the researcher.
Kocaeli University
Kocaeli, İzmit, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGChange in Respiratory Rate
Measured continuously as breaths per minute while the patient is at rest.
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline (before intervention), and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).
Change in Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Measured as a percentage (%) using a noninvasive pulse oximeter
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).
Change in Heart Rate
Measured as beats per minute at rest using a noninvasive patient monitor.
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).
Pain Level
Evaluated using the self-reported Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where "0" indicates no pain and "10" indicates unbearable pain. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).
Fatigue Level
Evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where "0" indicates no fatigue and "10" indicates unbearable fatigue. Higher scores represent increased fatigue.
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).
Dyspnea Level
Evaluated using the Modified Borg Scale (CR-10), a category-ratio scale ranging from 0 (nothing at all) to 10. Higher scores indicate higher perceived exertion/dyspnea.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).
Chest Tube Drainage Level
The fluid level change in the chest tube drainage system, measured in centimeters (cm).
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).
Presence of Chest Tube Tidaling
Observational evaluation of fluid movement (tidaling) in the drainage system, recorded categorically as "movement present" or "no movement".
Time frame: Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session)