Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Postoperative Pain, Trismus, and Edema After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery

Overview

Impacted mandibular third molars are among the most commonly encountered conditions in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Surgical removal of these teeth is frequently associated with postoperative complications such as pain, facial swelling, and trismus, which may affect patients' daily activities and quality of life. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate prepared from the patient's own blood and contains various growth factors that may promote wound healing and reduce postoperative inflammation. The present randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PRF in reducing postoperative pain, trismus, and facial swelling after surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Participants with impacted mandibular third molars meeting the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated into two groups. The intervention group will receive PRF placement in the extraction socket, while the control group will receive sterile absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) after tooth removal. Postoperative pain, mouth opening, and facial swelling will be assessed preoperatively and on the first and seventh postoperative days. The findings of this study may help determine whether PRF improves postoperative recovery following mandibular third molar surgery.

Impacted mandibular third molars frequently require surgical removal and represent one of the most commonly performed procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Postoperative complications such as pain, facial swelling, and trismus commonly occur following surgical extraction and may negatively affect oral function and quality of life. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce postoperative morbidity, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, cold therapy, hyaluronic acid, and other adjunctive methods. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation autologous platelet concentrate that contains a fibrin matrix enriched with platelets, leukocytes, cytokines, and growth factors. These biological mediators contribute to angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, collagen synthesis, and wound healing. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin on postoperative pain, trismus, and facial swelling following surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Eligible participants aged 18 to 50 years with impacted mandibular third molars fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be recruited from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission General Hospital, Islamabad. After obtaining written informed consent, participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: PRF group: Platelet-rich fibrin will be prepared from the patient's venous blood and placed into the extraction socket before wound closure. Control group: Sterile absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) will be placed into the extraction socket before wound closure. Standardized surgical procedures, local anesthesia, medications, and postoperative instructions will be provided to all participants. Outcome measures will include: Postoperative pain assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Trismus assessed by maximum interincisal opening measured in millimeters. Facial swelling assessed using standardized facial measurements. Measurements will be recorded preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 7. The primary outcomes are postoperative pain and trismus, while facial swelling is considered a secondary outcome. Statistical analysis will compare outcomes between the two groups to determine whether PRF improves postoperative recovery after mandibular third molar surgery.