The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a bulk-fill composite resin (3M ESPE Filtek Bulk Fill, St Paul, MN, USA) in restorations placed in occlusal cavities by comparing different placement techniques (bulk vs. incremental) using modified USPHS criteria.
A total of 50 patients (n=108), each with two or four occlusal cavities having a depth of at least 4 mm, were randomly assigned to two groups. A bite-wing radiograph was taken for each tooth. The Single Bond Universal Adhesive (3M, ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was applied using the selective-enamel-etch mode. One tooth from each patient was restored using the bulk technique while the other was restored using the incremental technique. All restorations were placed by a single operator. Two experienced and calibrated examiners who were blinded to the placement technique evaluated the restorations at one week and subsequently at 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-month follow-ups according to modified USPHS criteria. Spontaneous post-operative sensitivity was assessed through restorative procedures up to 24 hours post-treatment, as well as one week and six months later utilizing a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The chi-square test was employed for comparing both restoration techniques within each category (p\<0.05).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
50
The bulkfill resin composite was placed bulk tecnique and light cured with the same LED for 20 s by the same operator.
The bulkfill resin composite was placed incrementally (2mm) and light cured with the same LED for 20 s by the same operator.
Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
RETENTİON
The retention criterion determines how long a restorative material functions in the oral environment, it is the most important criterion that shows the success of the material. Alpha: The restoration is present. Charlie: The restoration is absent.
Time frame: From baseline to 6 year the change of restorations was evaluated
Marginal Discoloration
The marginal discoloration that occur at the edge staining restoration boundaries are generally thought to be due to microleakage. Alpha: No discoloration at margins. Bravo: Shallow discoloration, clinically acceptable. Charlie: Deep discoloration clinically unacceptable.
Time frame: From baseline to 6 year the change of restorations was evaluated
Marginal Adaptation
Marginal adaptation is achieved by fully ensuring the integrity of the tooth-restoration joint border. Alpha: Restoration is closely adapted to the tooth. Bravo: Visible evidence of a crevice along the margin, dentin not exposed, clinically acceptable. Charlie: Explorer penetrates into crevice, dentin is exposed; clinically unacceptable.
Time frame: From baseline to 6 year the change of restorations was evaluated
Color match
Color match is the evaluation of the restoration according to the darkening or lightening of the color, taking into account the tooth tissue surrounding restoration. Alpha:Matches tooth. Bravo: Acceptable mismatch. Charlie:Unacceptable mismatch.
Time frame: From baseline to 2 year the change of restorations was evaluated
Post-op Hypersensitivity
Determination of sensitivity after restorations are placed. Alpha: Absent. Charlie: Present; clinically unacceptable.
Time frame: From baseline to 6 year the change of restorations was evaluated
Secondary caries
Secondary caries is the progression of caries in the tooth tissue adjacent to the restorations. Caries formation means restoration failure. Alpha: Absent. Charlie: Present; clinically unacceptable.
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Time frame: From baseline to 6 year the change of restorations was evaluated