To conduct a randomized control trial to determine the impact of 6-weeks of blood flow restriction training on immune cell function and bioenergetics in adults living with type 2 diabetes.
Participants will be randomized to a regular treadmill walking group or treadmill walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) group for 6 weeks. In both groups participants will complete treadmill walking on 3 days per week for 6 weeks. During week 1 participants will walk for 21 minutes during each session which will be increased to 32 minutes for the remaining 5 weeks of the study. In both groups the treadmill speed and grade will be set to elicit 40-50% heart rate reserve. In the BFR group the cuffs will be inflated based on each participants individualized limb occlusion pressure (LOP). The cuffs will remain inflated for the entire session but will deflate for 1 minute every 10 minutes based on safety recommendations. The percentage of LOP will progressively increase over the course of the intervention. Weeks 1 and 2 will be completed at 60% LOP, after which pressure will increase by 5% each subsequent week, corresponding to 65%, 70%, 75%, and 80% LOP during weeks 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline before randomization and at the end of the 6-week intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
20
In both groups participants will complete treadmill walking on 3 days per week for 6 weeks. During the first week participants will walk continuously for 21 minutes during each training session which will be increased to 32 minutes per training session for weeks 2-6. In both groups the treadmill speed and grade will be set to elicit 40-50% heart rate reserve. In the BFR group the cuffs will be inflated based on each participants individualized limb occlusion pressure (LOP). The cuffs will remain inflated for the entire session but will deflate for 1 min every 10 min based on safety recommendations. The percentage of LOP will progressively increase over the course of the intervention. Weeks 1 and 2 will be completed at 60% LOP, after which pressure will increase by 5% each subsequent week, corresponding to 65%, 70%, 75%, and 80% LOP during weeks 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
University of British Columbia Okanagan
Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
RECRUITINGChange in T-cell oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measured before and after the 6-week intervention
T-cell OCR will be measured using a Seahorse Analyzer at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in CD4 expression before and after the 6-week intervention
The CD4 expression will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in CD8 expression before and after the 6-week intervention
0-6 weeks
Time frame: The CD8 expression will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Change in % of T regulatory cells before and after the 6-week intervention
The % T regulatory cells will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in % of Th1 cells before and after the 6-week intervention
The % Th1 cells will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in % of Th2 cells before and after the 6-week intervention
0-6 weeks
Time frame: The % Th2 cells will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Change in % of Th17 cells before and after the 6-week intervention
The % Th17 cells will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
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Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in CD66b+ expression before and after the 6-week intervention
0-6 weeks
Time frame: The CD66b+ expression will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Change in CD11b+ expression before and after the 6-week intervention
0-6 weeks
Time frame: The CD11b+ expression will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Change in CD63+ expression before and after the 6-week intervention
The CD63+ expression will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in % of classical monocytes before and after the 6-week intervention
The % of classical monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in % of intermediate monocytes before and after the 6-week intervention
The % of intermediate monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in % of non-classical monocytes before and after the 6-week intervention
The % of non-classical monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in TLR-4 expression on classical monocytes before and after the 6-week intervention
The TLR-4 expression on classical monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in TLR-4 expression on intermediate monocytes before and after the 6-week intervention
The TLR-4 expression on intermediate monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in TLR-4 expression on non-classical monocytes before and after the 6-week intervention
The TLR-4 expression on non-classical monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in white blood cell count before and after the 6-week intervention
The white blood cell count will be measured using a hematology analyzer at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in monocyte count before and after the 6-week intervention
The monocyte count will be measured using a hematology analyzer at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in neutrophil count before and after the 6-week intervention
The neutrophil count will be measured using a hematology analyzer at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in eosinophil count before and after the 6-week intervention
The eosinophil count will be measured using a hematology analyzer at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in plasma IL-6 before and after the 6-week intervention
The plasma IL-6 concentration will be measured using a multiplex assay at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in plasma IL-10 before and after the 6-week intervention
The plasma IL-10 concentration will be measured using a multiplex assay at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in plasma TNF-α before and after the 6-week intervention
The plasma TNF-α concentration will be measured using a multiplex assay at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in 4-h LPS-induced TNF-α before and after the 6-week intervention
The LPS-induced TNF-α concentration will be measured from whole-blood culture supernatant using an ELISA at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in 4-h LPS+IL-10-induced TNF-α before and after the 6-week intervention
The LPS+IL10-induced TNF-α concentration will be measured from whole-blood culture supernatant using an ELISA at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in 24-h CD3/CD28 stimulated INF-γ before and after the 6-week intervention
The CD3/CD28 stimulated INF-γ concentration will be measured from T-cell culture supernatant using an ELISA at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks
Change in PMA/Ionomysin induced INF-γ before and after the 6-week
The PMA/Ionomysin induced INF-γ concentration will be measured from whole-blood culture supernatant using an ELISA at baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Time frame: 0-6 weeks