Ralation Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mean Corrected Intraocular Pressure

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-70 years; 2. Ability to complete standardized cardiorespiratory fitness testing and provide valid data; and 3. Ability to cooperate with a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Any history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, or detection of glaucoma suspect signs such as cup-to-disc ratio ≥0.7, interocular cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry \>0.2, or localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects; 2. Ocular diseases or surgical history affecting IOP measurement or optic nerve head assessment, such as corneal disease, uveitis, intraocular surgery, high myopia (spherical equivalent ≤ -6.00 D), or other optic nerve/retinal diseases; 3. Systemic diseases that could significantly interfere with IOP, optic nerve blood supply, or cardiorespiratory function, such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 4. Current use of topical or systemic medications known to affect IOP, including IOP-lowering eyedrops, systemic beta-blockers, or glucocorticoids; 5. Contraindications to cardiorespiratory fitness testing, such as severe musculoskeletal disorders or uncontrolled arrhythmias; 6. A documented history of hypertension, current use of antihypertensive medications, or abnormal blood pressure on a single measurement that did not normalize on re-examination (systolic blood pressure \[SBP\] ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \[DBP\] ≥90 mmHg); and 7. Missing key study variables that precluded further analysis.