Evaluate the Effect of Remote Exercise Intervention on Blood Glucose Control and Physical Fitness in T2DM Patients

Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences80 enrolled

Overview

The intervention group received 12 weeks of continuous remote intervention combined with health education. The control group only received 12 weeks of continuous health education, and the content and frequency were the same as those of the management group. Both groups received instruction at the beginning of the intervention. The intervention group was given priority to continuous walking/running combined with aerobic exercise and swimming. Five to seven sessions per week for 45 minutes each session. Acclimatizations were performed at an intensity of 40%-49% reserve oxygen uptake (VO2R) from weeks 1 to 4, and exercise was performed at an intensity of 50%-59% VO2R from weeks 5 to 12. 5 minutes each of preparation and grooming activities (including joint movement and stretching) for each exercise. Combined with incremental load resistance exercise 2-3 times a week, 8 movements, 2-3 groups each time, repeated 8-10 times/group, with a 2-min rest between groups. The heart rate, RPE (12-13, "fairly easy" to "somewhat laborious") and exercise bracelet were used to monitor the intensity and amount of exercise. The exercise intervention was usually delivered 1-2 h after a meal. The daily medical supervision in the process of management implementation was carried out by trained sports managers through the doctor terminal of "exercise assistant" to collect and monitor the data of the study subjects.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Diabete Type 2

Interventions

Remote Exercise + Health EducationBEHAVIORAL

Participants in this arm receive a 12-week personalized remote exercise program based on the FITT-VP principle (Frequency: 5-7 days/week; Intensity: 40-59% VO₂R; Time: 45 min/session + 5-min warm-up/cool-down; Type: aerobic walking/jogging plus resistance training with elastic bands twice weekly). Exercise is monitored via wearable devices and a mobile APP , with feedback and adjustments by trained exercise managers. All participants also receive standard diabetes health education (same content and frequency as the control group).

Health EducationBEHAVIORAL

12-week standard diabetes health education (medical knowledge, diet/exercise advice, complications, mental health) with same frequency/content as experimental group, but without remote exercise.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 69 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: (1) Both gender, age from 40 to 69 years old. (2) Meeting the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes in China. (3) HbA1c is within 6.5%-7 .0% and no medication is taken. (4) Newly diagnosed with diabetes or the duration of the disease is no more than 5 years. (5) Possessing general exercise capacity and no obvious diseases in the muscle and osteoarticular systems. (6) The exercise risk is evaluated as medium or low risk through the PAR-Q+ questionnaire. (7) No contraindications to exercise tests. (8) Willing to adopt intensifed lifestyle intervention and complete the entire research process. Exclusion Criteria: (1) T1DM patients, autoimmune diabetes and special types of diabetes, including hypercortisolism, growth hormone tumor, glucagonoma and some special types of diabetes caused by genetic factors; (2) pregnant or lactating women; (3) regular use of antidiabetic drugs or insulin in the past three months; (4) fasting blood glucose level \> 16.7 mmol/L; (5) recurrent hypoglycemia; (6) a history of acute diabetic complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, and lactic acidosis; (7) a history of severe chronic microvascular or macrovascular complications; (8) diseases that may be exacerbated by exercise or impair exercise efciency, such as uncontrolled hypertension, hyperthyroidism, osteoarthritis or hypokalemia; (9) unable to use smart phones or wearable smart devices independently; (10) communication or motor dysfunction; (11) Patients with severe chronic diseases could not participate in the study.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in glycemic control

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour post-load glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention to assess glycemic control. Changes from baseline will be compared between the exercise and control groups.

Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks