This study compared the impact of high-fidelity simulation (HFS) versus standart laboratory practice (SLP) on nursing students' knowledge, psychomotor skills, learning satisfaction, and self-confidence within a childhood vaccination training.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation (HFS) versus standard laboratory practice (SLP) on nursing students' knowledge, psychomotor skills, satisfaction, and self-confidence in childhood vaccination training. A total of 122 fourth-year nursing students were randomly assigned to HFS or SLP groups; 104 completed the study. All participants received the same theoretical training on childhood immunization. The HFS group participated in a simulation scenario involving vaccine hesitancy, while the SLP group performed traditional laboratory-based practice on a manikin. Knowledge was assessed using a pre-test, post-test at 1 hour, and a one-month follow-up test. Skills were evaluated immediately after the intervention. Satisfaction and self-confidence were also measured post-intervention. The primary outcomes were knowledge and skill performance, while secondary outcomes included satisfaction and self-confidence. The study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
104
High-fidelity simulation-based training including a vaccine hesitancy scenario, structured briefing, simulation, and debriefing.
Traditional laboratory-based vaccination training using a manikin without a structured simulation scenario.
Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
Kozlu, Zonguldak Province, Turkey (Türkiye)
Childhood Immunization Knowledge Test (CIKT)
A 10-item multiple-choice test developed by the researchers based on national guidelines and literature. Each correct answer is scored as 10 points. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge of childhood immunization. Expert validation was obtained, and the KR-20 reliability coefficient was 0.93.
Time frame: Baseline, 1 hour after training, and 1 month after training
Pediatric Intramuscular Vaccination Administration Checklist (PIVAC)
Items are scored from 0 (not performed) to 2 (performed). Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating better pediatric intramuscular vaccination administration skills. The checklist demonstrated expert validity and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90.
Time frame: 1 hour after training
Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCLS)
A validated 12-item, 5-point Likert scale with two subscales (Satisfaction and Self-Confidence). Total scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction and self-confidence in learning. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was 0.96 for the satisfaction subscale, 0.94 for the self-confidence subscale, and 0.96 for the total scale.
Time frame: 1 hour after training
Simulation Design Scale (SDS)
The Simulation Design Scale consists of 20 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 20 to 100, with higher scores indicating a more positive evaluation of the simulation design. Cronbach's alpha was 0.98.
Time frame: 1 hour after training
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