A Study to Evaluate Luspatercept Utilization in Patients With Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes or Beta-thalassemia

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants treated with luspatercept. The date of first treatment with luspatercept will be assigned as the index date. * At least one Lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR-MDS) or beta-thalassemia diagnosis in inpatient or at least two MDS or beta-thalassemia diagnosis in the outpatient setting at least 30 days apart prior to or at index date. * 18+ years old at index date. * Participants with a minimum of 12-months observable pre-treatment baseline/look-back prior to index date. * Participants with a minimum of 6-months of follow-up time from the index date unless the patient is lost due to death Exclusion Criteria: • None