This study tests whether an artificial intelligence (AI) tool can help doctors choose better diabetes medicines for their patients. Type 2 diabetes is very common, but there are far more patients than diabetes specialists, so many patients are treated by doctors who are not diabetes specialists. The researchers built an AI consultation system that gives doctors real-time suggestions and predictions about diabetes medicines while they are prescribing. The doctor always makes the final decision. In this trial, patients with type 2 diabetes whose blood sugar is not well controlled will be placed by chance (randomly) into one of two groups. In one group, the doctor uses the AI system when deciding on diabetes medicines. In the other group, the doctor prescribes as usual, without the AI system. All medicines used are already approved in Taiwan and given at approved doses. The study follows each patient for 12 months, with check-ups at the start and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The main goal is to compare how much the patients' long-term blood sugar level (HbA1c) improves between the two groups after one year. The researchers also look at how many patients reach their blood sugar target, how often low blood sugar happens, and whether any side effects occur. The aim is to find out whether using the AI tool leads to better blood sugar control.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
400
A machine-learning based clinical decision support software that provides non-specialist physicians with real-time, interactive antidiabetic prescribing recommendations, a drug-prioritization order, and outcome predictions (e.g., the predicted likelihood of reaching glycemic targets and responder/non-responder status for individual drugs). The system was developed and validated using the NTUH integrated medical database platform. It provides advisory recommendations only; the treating physician retains full control over the final prescribing decision. All recommended medications are approved in Taiwan and within approved dose ranges.
Antidiabetic medications prescribed manually by non-specialist physicians according to usual clinical practice, without using the AI consultation system. All medications are approved in Taiwan and prescribed within approved dose ranges.
National Taiwan University Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
Change in HbA1c from baseline to 12 months
The between-group difference in the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 12 months, comparing the AI-assisted prescribing arm with the manual prescribing (control) arm. HbA1c reflects long-term glycemic control. The primary analysis uses analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for baseline HbA1c, following the intention-to-treat principle.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 months
Proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 7.0% at 12 months
The proportion of participants reaching the glycemic target of HbA1c below 7.0% at 12 months, compared between arms using chi-square tests.
Time frame: 12 months
Incidence of hypoglycemia over 12 months
Incidence of hypoglycemic events over the 12-month follow-up, graded by severity: Level 1, glucose \< 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and ≥ 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L); Level 2, glucose \< 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L); Level 3, severe hypoglycemia requiring assistance of another person regardless of glucose value. Compared between arms using Poisson regression.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Incidence of prespecified adverse events over 12 months
Incidence of prespecified adverse events over the 12-month follow-up, including urinary tract infection, lower-limb edema, signs of heart failure, fractures, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Compared between arms using Poisson regression.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Change in HbA1c from baseline at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months
Time frame: Baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months
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