This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week traditional archery training program on sport imagery ability and problem-solving skills in healthy university students. Participants without previous archery experience were randomly allocated into either a traditional archery training group or a non-exercising control group. Psychological outcomes were evaluated before and after the intervention using validated questionnaires.
The study was designed as a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest controlled trial. Healthy university students aged 18-23 years without previous archery experience were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either: Traditional Archery Training group Control group The intervention lasted 12 weeks. Training was performed: 2 sessions/week 2 hours/session Total training time: 48 hours The first six weeks focused primarily on basic draw practice. The last six weeks included basic draw shooting practice archery games Primary outcomes included: Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) Measurements were obtained before and after the intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
2
Participants completed a structured 12-week traditional archery training program consisting of basic draw exercises, thumb draw practice, shooting practice, and archery games under supervision.
Gumushane Üniversity
Gümüşhane, Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane, Turkey (Türkiye)
Sport Imagery Ability
Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) consists of 15 items on a 7-point Likert scale and is evaluated by the average of the sub-dimensions (Skill, Strategy, Goal, Emotion, Mastery) or the overall average (between 1 and 7). A score range of 5.01-7.00 indicates high imagery ability, while a score range of 1.00-3.00 indicates low ability.
Time frame: Week 12
Problem Solving Ability
The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) measures individuals' problem-solving skills and attitudes using a 32-item self-report scale; a total score between 32 and 192 indicates high skill, while a high score indicates low skill (less effective strategy). The assessment is based on high ability (32-80), moderate ability (81-140), and low ability (141-192) ranges.
Time frame: Week 12
Skill Imagery (SIAQ)
The Skill Imagery (SIAQ) subscale is scored on a 7-point Likert scale, averaging the scores of 3 items (3, 8, 12) to obtain a score between 1.00 and 7.00, with higher scores indicating better visualization ability. This measure classifies skill level according to score ranges of 5.01-7.00 (High), 3.01-5.00 (Medium), and 1.00-3.00 (Low).
Time frame: 12 Week
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