Effect of Circadian Rhythm on the Sedative Efficacy and Recovery Quality of Ciprofol General Anesthesia: A Multi-Center Observational Study

Incidence of mean arterial pressure decreasing by >30% from baseline during the induction period and lasting for ≥1 minute.

Incidence of mean arterial pressure decreasing by \>30% from baseline during the induction period and lasting for ≥1 minute.

Time frame: From the time of initial anesthetic drug administration until 5 minutes after completion of tracheal intubation (maximum duration limited to 20 minutes)

Incidence of MAP staying below 65 mmHg for at least 1 minute during the anesthetic maintenance

Incidence of MAP staying below 65 mmHg for at least 1 minute throughout anesthetic maintenance

Time frame: From 5 minutes after completion of tracheal intubation until the time of discontinuation of all anesthetic agents at the end of surgery, assessed up to 24 hours.

Incidence of MAP reduction > 20% from baseline during the anesthetic maintenance period

Incidence of MAP reduction \> 20% from baseline during the anesthetic maintenance period

Time frame: From 5 minutes after completion of tracheal intubation until the time of discontinuation of all anesthetic agents at the end of surgery, assessed up to 24 hours.

Incidence of MAP reduction > 30% from baseline during the anesthetic maintenance period

Incidence of MAP reduction \> 30% from baseline during the anesthetic maintenance period

Time frame: From 5 minutes after completion of tracheal intubation until the time of discontinuation of all anesthetic agents at the end of surgery, assessed up to 24 hours.

Total administered dose of vasoactive agents

Total administered dose of various vasoactive agents during the entire anesthetic period

Time frame: From the time of initial anesthetic drug administration until the time of discontinuation of anesthetic infusion at the end of surgery,assessed up to 24 hours.

Incidence of hypertension throughout anesthesia

Incidence of hypertension throughout anesthesia.Hypertension is defined when blood pressure rises by \> 30% from baseline MAP, or SBP ≥ 160 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg, and persists for ≥ 1 minute.

Time frame: From the time of initial anesthetic drug administration until the time of discontinuation of anesthetic infusion at the end of surgery,assessed up to 24 hours.

Time to successful anesthetic induction

Time to loss of eyelash reflex following ciprofol administration

Time frame: From the time of initial anesthetic drug administration until the time of disappearance of the patient's eyelash reflex, assessed up to 20 minutes.

Time to emergence

Time from discontinuation of anesthesia to the patient's first eye opening

Time frame: From the time of discontinuation of anesthetic infusion until the time of the patient's first eye opening, assessed up to 2 hours.

Time to extubation

Time from discontinuation of anesthesia to tracheal extubation

Time frame: From the time of discontinuation of anesthetic infusion until the time of tracheal tube removal, assessed up to 2 hours.

Bispectral Index

recorded BIS values at pre-induction, at loss of consciousness, at tracheal intubation, every 15 minutes intraoperatively, at the end of surgery, and at recovery of consciousness.

Time frame: From the patient's awake state before anesthetic induction until the time when the patient emerges from anesthesia and leaves the operating room for the ward after surgery, assessed up to 24 hours.