This study focuses on elucidating the changes of hemodynamics assessed by USCOM and respiratory mechanics assessed by impedance oscillometry (IOS) over the course of pregnancy and the postpartum period. Additionally, to understand how these changes over the course of gestation relate to the development of preeclampsia.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, New York, United States
Stroke Volume
The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart with each heartbeat.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Cardiac Output
The total volume of blood pumped out of the heart and into the rest of the body with each heartbeat.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Systemic Vascular Resistance
The level of force (or resistance) against which the heart must work to pump blood into the circulatory system.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Cardiac Index
A measure of the pumping capacity of the heart, calculated by dividing one's cardiac output by their body surface area.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
R5
A respiratory measure of the resistance across all airways, both large and small, using 5Hz soundwaves.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
R20
A respiratory measure of the resistance across central/large airways only, using 20Hz soundwaves.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
X5
A respiratory measure of the elasticity of airways using 5Hz soundwaves to calculate the difference in energy to and from lung tissue.
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Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Fres
This denotes the Resonant Frequency, which measures the frequency of soundwaves required to balance the internal forces of the lung tissue with its external capacity.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
AX
Called the Area of Reactance, this is the measure of the area under the curve from the lowest measured frequency to the Resonant Frequency, and reflects the dysfunction of small airways.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
R5-R20
A measure isolating the resistance of small airways, subtracting the R20 value from the R5 value to calculate the difference. Greater levels of this value correspond to greater small airway resistance.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Gestational Hypertension
A state of high blood pressure triggered by the physiological changes specific to pregnancy.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Preeclampsia
A pregnancy-related complication characterized by high blood pressure and systemic organ dysfunction that can be life-threatening.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Fetal Growth Restriction
A complication where the fetus is growing much less than expected for the gestational age of the pregnancy (i.e., estimated fetal weight and/or fetal abdominal circumstance less than the 10th percentile).
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
The spontaneous (labor not induced) delivery of a pregnancy before 37.0 weeks of gestation.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Placental Abruption
A serious complication where the placenta detaches from the inside of the uterus prior to the delivery of the baby.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission
Admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) wherein a greater level of clinical surveillance and intervention is administered for higher severity cases.
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes
Any adverse health outcomes experienced by the neonate following delivery (i.e., hypoglycemia, tachypnea, respiratory distress, acidemia).
Time frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum