This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT)-based feedback assistive strengthening ergometer (AIFASE) exercise system on frail older adults in geriatric wards. Baseline assessments will include physical fitness, functional performance, and frailty severity. Muscle strength of the major muscle groups in the upper and lower extremities will be evaluated at both baseline and post-intervention. Throughout the intervention, exercise-related data, including exercise duration, workload, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) will be continuously and simultaneously collected for analysis.
At baseline, participants will undergo a personal health assessment and physical fitness evaluation. The personal health assessment includes collection of demographic information, past medical history, general health status, and clinical frailty scale. Physical fitness assessment consists of handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test and 4-meter walk test. These baseline assessments will be used to individualize and guide the AIFASE exercise program. Following the baseline assessment, the intervention group will undergo training using an AIFASE exercise system. Muscle strength of the major muscle groups in the upper and lower extremities (elbow flexors, elbow extensors, knee flexors, and knee extensors) will be evaluated at both baseline and post-intervention. During the exercise sessions, exercise-related metrics, including workload, cadence (revolutions per minute, RPM), exercise duration, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) will be continuously recorded in real time.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
376
The system provides individualized exercise programs based on baseline physical fitness levels and dynamically adjusts the training intensity according to physiological feedback. The system also continuously records exercise-related device data, personal physiological parameters.
National Cheng Kung University
Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan
Muscle strength of knee extensors
Muscle strength of knee extensors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: baseline
Muscle strength of knee extensors
Muscle strength of knee extensors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 13 days
Timed Up and Go test (TUG)
Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
Time frame: basline
Gait speed (4-meter walk test)
To measure the gait speed when participants walk across the test zone (4 meter).
Time frame: baseline
Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)
Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), a validated 9-point instrument in which a score of 1 indicates very fit status and a score of 9 indicates terminal illness.
Time frame: baseline
Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)
The questionnaire is a brief 10-item clinical tool to quickly assess cognitive impairment in older adults. It evaluates short- and long-term memory, orientation, information about current events, and mathematical capacity.
Time frame: baseline
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5)
The survey is a brief 5 questions to quickly assess depression, with scores ≥2 indicating possible depressive disorder in older adults.
Time frame: baseline
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
The ability to maintain daily living is evaluated by personal hygiene, dressing, eating, toileting, and mobility.
Time frame: baseline
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
The ability to maintain daily living is evaluated by personal hygiene, dressing, eating, toileting, and mobility.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 13 days
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333(having extreme problems in all dimensions).
Time frame: baseline
Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF)
The nutritional status is evaluated by food intake, weight loss, mobility, stress, neuropsychology, and mobility. The scores less than 7 indicated malnutrition.
Time frame: baseline
Muscle strength of elbow flexors
Muscle strength of elbow flexors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: baseline
Muscle strength of elbow flexors
Muscle strength of elbow flexors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 13 days
Muscle strength of elbow extensors
Muscle strength of elbow flexors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: baseline
Muscle strength of elbow extensors
Muscle strength of elbow flexors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 13 days
Muscle strength of knee flexors
Muscle strength of elbow flexors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: baseline
Muscle strength of knee flexors
Muscle strength of elbow flexors is assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 13 days
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