The goal of this study is to learn whether participating in community social and cultural events in renovated neighborhood parks can improve sleep, stress, mood, and overall well-being in adults aged 18 and older who live near participating parks. The main questions the study aims to answer are: 1. Does participation in community park events lead to improvements over time in sleep, stress, mood, and other aspects of well-being? 2. Are greater levels of event participation associated with greater improvements in these outcomes? Participants will: * Wear a wearable ring device (Oura Ring) most of the time for about six months to measure sleep and physical health indicators * Attend free community events at or near their neighborhood park, such as social, cultural, or physical activity programs * Complete online surveys at the beginning and end of the study about well-being and mental health * Complete brief weekly surveys on mood and study park use * Attend two in-person visits for basic physical measurements (e.g., height, weight, blood pressure) and device setup/return
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
100
Participants are encouraged to attend free community-based events, including social, cultural, and physical activity programming held in their local neighborhood parks. These events are organized and implemented by the research team in collaboration with local vendors and are designed to promote community engagement and support health and well-being. Actual attendance may vary across participants, and participation is supported through incentives.
Center for Systems and Community Design, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy
New York, New York, United States
Total sleep duration
Total sleep duration (in seconds) will be measured using a wearable ring device and will be computed as the sum of total sleep in REM (rapid eye movement), deep, and light sleep stages. Sleep duration will be converted to hours and minutes for analysis. The outcome will assess within-participant change in average nightly sleep duration over time.
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Total time in bed
Total time in bed (in seconds) will be measured using a wearable ring device and will be computed as the sum of total sleep in REM (rapid eye movement), deep, and light sleep stages, plus time awake. Total time in bed will be converted to hours and minutes for analysis.
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Sleep efficiency
Proportion of time spent asleep while in bed (total sleep duration / total time in bed).
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep duration
Total sleep in the REM (rapid eye movement) stage (in seconds) measured using a wearable ring device. REM sleep duration will be converted to hours and minutes for analysis, as well as the proportion of total sleep (REM sleep duration / total sleep duration).
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Deep sleep duration
Total sleep in the deep sleep stage (in seconds) measured using a wearable ring device. Deep sleep duration will be converted to hours and minutes for analysis, as well as proportion of total sleep duration (deep sleep duration / total sleep duration).
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Light sleep duration
Total sleep in the light stage (in seconds) measured using a wearable ring device. Light sleep duration will be converted to hours and minutes for analysis, as well as proportion of total sleep duration (light sleep duration / total sleep duration).
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Sleep timing
The timing of sleep (hour and minute sleep starts to hour and minute sleep ends) measured using a wearable ring device.
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Heart rate variability
Heart rate variability (in milliseconds) measured during sleep using a wearable ring device.
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Resting heart rate
Resting heart rate (in beats per minute) measured during sleep using a wearable ring device.
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Respiratory rate during sleep
Nighttime respiratory rate (in breaths per minute) measured using a wearable ring device.
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Skin temperature deviation
Nightly skin temperature deviation (in Celcius) from baseline measured using a wearable ring device.
Time frame: From enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Well-being (WHO-5 Well-Being Index)
Self-reported well-being measured using the World Health Organization-Five (WHO-5) Well-Being Index. Index scores range from 0-25, with higher scores representing higher quality of life.
Time frame: Weekly assessments from enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Perceived stress (PSS-10)
Self-reported perceived stress measured using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Scale scores range from 0-40, with higher scores representing higher perceived stress.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7)
Self-reported anxiety symptoms measured using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Scale scores range from 0-21, with higher scores representing higher anxiety.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9)
Self-reported depressive symptoms measured using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Scale scores range from 0-27, with higher scores representing higher depression severity.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
General well-being (General Well-Being Schedule)
Self-reported overall well-being and psychological functioning measured using the 18-item General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS). Scale scores range from 0-110, with higher scores representing better well-being.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Life satisfaction (SWLS)
Self-reported life satisfaction measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Scale scores range from 5-35, with higher scores representing higher life satisfaction.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Flourishing (Flourishing Scale)
Self-reported psychological flourishing measured using the Flourishing Scale. Scale scores range from 8-56, with higher scores representing higher meaning and fulfillment.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Loneliness
Self-reported loneliness measured using items from the 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. Scale scores range from 20-80, with higher scores representing greater feelings of loneliness.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Social cohesion
Perceived neighborhood cohesion and trust measured using items from the collective efficacy scale. Scale scores range from 5-25, with higher scores representing higher social cohesion and trust.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Sense of community
Sense of community measured using the Sense of Community Index (SCI-2). Scale scores range from 0-72, with higher scores representing a stronger sense of community.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Neighborhood satisfaction (NEWS)
Individual survey item from the Neighborhood environment walkability scale (NEWS): "How satisfied are you with your neighborhood as a good place to live"? with response options: strongly dissatisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, somewhat satisfied, and strongly satisfied.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Place attachment
Survey items developed by the study team. I would be sorry if the park closed permanently (response options: strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree) I would be sorry to move out of my neighborhood (response options: strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree) Is there a strong feeling of belonging in your neighborhood? (response options: not at all, a little, a medium amount, quite a lot, very much)
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Body mass index
Body mass index (in kilograms per meters squared) calculated from measured height and weight (weight in kilograms / height in meters squared).
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Systolic blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure measured using standard procedures
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Diastolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure measured using standard procedures.
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
Park use frequency
Self-reported frequency of park use, adapted from previously validated measures: Veitch, J. et al. A natural experiment to examine the impact of park renewal on park-use and park-based physical activity in a disadvantaged neighbourhood: The REVAMP study methods. BMC Public Health 14, 600 (2014). Walker, J. T. et al. Physical activity in the park setting (PA-PS) questionnaire: Reliability in a California statewide sample. J. Phys. Act. Health. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.s1.s97 (2009).
Time frame: Weekly assessments from enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Park use duration
Self-reported duration of park use, adapted from previously validated measures: Veitch, J. et al. A natural experiment to examine the impact of park renewal on park-use and park-based physical activity in a disadvantaged neighbourhood: The REVAMP study methods. BMC Public Health 14, 600 (2014). Walker, J. T. et al. Physical activity in the park setting (PA-PS) questionnaire: Reliability in a California statewide sample. J. Phys. Act. Health. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.s1.s97 (2009).
Time frame: Weekly assessments from enrollment until one month after park events conclude
Park satisfaction
Single survey item asking study participants how satisfied they are with the overall quality of the park. (Response options: Strongly satisfied, somewhat satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, somewhat satisfied, strongly satisfied). Adapted from previously validated survey items: Veitch, J. et al. A natural experiment to examine the impact of park renewal on park-use and park-based physical activity in a disadvantaged neighbourhood: The REVAMP study methods. BMC Public Health 14, 600 (2014).
Time frame: At enrollment and one month after park events conclude
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