this study will be conducted to Investigate the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea and biomechanical characteristics of lumbo-pelvic region among female university students
Dysmenorrhea is a highly prevalent menstrual health problem among female university students and represents a significant under recognized women's health issue. Cultural perceptions that normalize menstrual pain often result in underreporting, delayed healthcare seeking, and inadequate management among young women. This study is significant in addressing dysmenorrhea as a health condition that affects the physical, psychological, academic, and social well-being of female university students. From a physical health perspective, dysmenorrhea can lead to reduced mobility, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the lumbopelvic region. Psychologically, recurrent menstrual pain may contribute to increased stress, anxiety, emotional distress, and reduced concentration. In the demanding academic environment of universities, these factors can negatively influence academic performance and mental well-being. Socially and academically, dysmenorrhea is a leading cause of class absenteeism, decreased lecture attendance, and reduced participation in practical and clinical sessions among female students.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
128
Female university students aged 18-24 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m² with primary dysmenorrhea (NRS \> 4).
Female university students aged 18-24 years, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m² without dysmenorrhea (NRS less 3).
life disability
The WaLIDD score (Working ability, Location, Intensity, and Days of pain) is a clinical questionnaire used to evaluate the severity of dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) and to predict the likelihood of a person needing medical leave. It evaluates the condition using four criteria, each scored from 0 to 3, yielding a total possible score ranging from 0 to 12 points.Low/Mild Score (0 to 4 points): Indicates no dysmenorrhea.Moderate Score (5 to 7 points): Indicates moderate dysmenorrhea.High Score (8 to 12 points): Indicates severe dysmenorrhea.
Time frame: up to one day
pain intensity
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where participants rate their pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain)
Time frame: up to one day
pelvic tilt angle
Pelvic tilt angle will be measured using a digital pelvic inclinometer by assessing the angle between the ASIS and PSIS landmarks in a standing position
Time frame: up to one day
muscle activity
The pressure biofeedback unit will be used to assess muscle activity.Subjects were asked to stand upright with pelvis and spine in neutral position and wear a lumbar support belt firmly around the abdomen. The anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) of both sides were palpated and marked. The pressure bag was placed underneath the lumbar support one inch above the ASIS over the transversus abdominis muscle and PBU at was pumped to 70 mmHg. The participants were instructed to correctly perform abdominal drawing as much as possible and hold it for 5 seconds. For each participant 3 readings were taken, and the average of these readings was recorded.
Time frame: up to one day
oscillatory frequency
The MyotonPro (Myoton AS Tallinn, Estonia) device will be used to assess oscillation frequency. it introduces an innovative and non-invasive approach for comprehensively characterizing the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of muscles.The device is applied under constant preload (0.18 N) to pre-compress subcutaneous tissues, and it exerts a brief (15 milliseconds) mechanical tap at a pre-determined force (0.4 Newtons), followed by quick release, causing damped oscillations that are recorded by the testing probe. This device is portable, inexpensive, easy to use, and convenient for re-cording the biomechanical and viscoelastic stiffness of myofascial tissues relatively quickly.A higher oscillation frequency indicates higher muscle tone, while increased stiffness reflects greater resistance to force application.
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Time frame: up to one day
muscle dynamic stiffness
The MyotonPro (Myoton AS Tallinn, Estonia) device will be used to assess muscle dynamic stiffness. it introduces an innovative and non-invasive approach for comprehensively characterizing the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of muscles.The device is applied under constant preload (0.18 N) to pre-compress subcutaneous tissues, and it exerts a brief (15 milliseconds) mechanical tap at a pre-determined force (0.4 Newtons), followed by quick release, causing damped oscillations that are recorded by the testing probe. This device is portable, inexpensive, easy to use, and convenient for re-cording the biomechanical and viscoelastic stiffness of myofascial tissues relatively quickly.A higher dynamic stiffness indicates greater resistance to force application.
Time frame: up to one day
muscle elasticity
the MyotonPro (Myoton AS Tallinn, Estonia) device will be used to assess muscle elasticity. it quantifies the dissipation of mechanical energy (damping) during natural oscillations of a muscle. lower values signify higher elasticity (i.e., better ability to recover from deformation), while higher values suggest lower elasticity.
Time frame: up to one day
mechanical stree relaxation time
the MyotonPro (Myoton AS Tallinn, Estonia) device will be used to assess mechanical stree relaxation time with ms.It represents the duration of the muscle recovery process (or the relaxation time) from displacement.the higher tissue tension or stiffness, the faster tissue recovers its shape, meaning the lower the value.
Time frame: up to one day
muscle viscoelastic property
the MyotonPro (Myoton AS Tallinn, Estonia) device will be used to viscoelastic properity. It represents the relationship between the time it takes for a tissue to undergo creep (gradual elongation) and the time it takes for it to recover or relax after being under constant deformation.Lower values: Indicate higher tissue tension, structural integrity, or increased stiffness (faster recovery).Higher values: Indicate greater viscoelasticity (slower recovery, more creep).
Time frame: up to one day