The Effect of Osteopathic Visceral Manipulation on Pain, Mobility and Functional Disability in Patients With Right Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 65 years * Presence of pain originating from the right shoulder region persisting for at least 6 weeks * Availability of two-view shoulder radiographs obtained prior to the study to exclude causes of shoulder pain other than AC * No local corticosteroid injection for shoulder pain within the previous 6 months * No physical therapy administered for shoulder pain within the previous 6 months * No use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during the study period * Availability of laboratory assessments including: * Complete blood count (CBC) * Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) * Liver function tests (AST, ALT) * C-reactive protein (CRP) * Pain intensity score of at least 4 cm on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS, 0-10 cm) Exclusion Criteria: * History of shoulder fracture on the affected side * Prior shoulder surgery * History of traumatic shoulder instability (subluxation or dislocation) * History of shoulder or visceral organ surgery within the past 6 months * History of systemic or inflammatory disease or malignancy * Presence of metabolic or endocrine bone disease * Pregnancy * Neurological disorders affecting upper extremity function * Psychiatric disorders that could interfere with treatment compliance or symptom evaluation * Use of antiplatelet medication * Previous osteopathic treatment