The purpose of this research study is to examine the effects of a 3-month personalized community-based walking program using a digital music-based device designed for self-directed gait training in people with Parkinson disease (PD). The study uses music cues delivered through this digital device to improve walking outcomes. The investigators want to know if personalized music cueing through the digital device can improve walking quality, walking ability, daily walking amount and intensity, and quality of life, while helping walking feel more automatic and require less mental effort. Participants will take part in this research study for approximately 18 weeks in total. During this time, participants will complete 4 study visits at designated research centers at Boston University, Washington University in St. Louis, or the University of Utah, depending on the site of enrollment.
The overall goal of this single-arm, multi-center repeated baselines study (N=162) is to examine how a personalized closed-loop music-based digital gait intervention, using MR-005 (MedRhythms, Inc.), improves gait quality, capacity, real-world walking performance, and gait automaticity in Parkinson disease (PD). Participants will complete a community-based, self-directed walking program using the digital music-based device 4 days a week for 12 weeks, designed to promote sustained walking beyond the use of the device. This study builds on a stepwise investigation beginning with a proof-of-concept feasibility study (N=23) followed by a 6-week randomized controlled trial (RCT; N=44). This mechanistic-focused study will examine the substrates of a personalized approach that underlie changes in walking outcomes, as well as identify determinants that determine responsiveness to the intervention. This study is a critical next step to elucidate mechanistic understanding of closed-loop personalized gait approaches and to determine those with PD who benefit most.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
200
MR-005 (MedRhythms, Inc., Portland, ME) is a personalized, closed-loop, autonomous music-based digital gait intervention designed for self-directed gait training in Parkinson disease (PD). The system uses two shoe-worn gait sensors that communicate in real time with proprietary software on a touchscreen device, which controls the delivery of individualized, progressive rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS), provided as music cues through bone conduction headphones. The software operates autonomously and does not require manual input or adjustment by the patient or clinician during a session.
Boston University Center for Neurorehabilitation
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
RECRUITINGWashington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, United States
RECRUITINGUniversity of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
RECRUITINGMinutes of Moderate Intensity Walking
The amount of moderate intensity walking, defined as mean number of minutes per day with \>100 steps/min, measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Minutes of Moderate Intensity Walking
The amount of moderate intensity walking, defined as mean number of minutes per day with \>100 steps/min, measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Minutes of Moderate Intensity Walking
The amount of moderate intensity walking, defined as mean number of minutes per day with \>100 steps/min, measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Minutes of Moderate Intensity Walking
The amount of moderate intensity walking, defined as mean number of minutes per day with \>100 steps/min, measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Daily Step Counts
Daily step counts refer to the number of steps taken per day. This will be measured using research-grade activity monitors validated for use in PD.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Daily Step Counts
Daily step counts refer to the number of steps taken per day. This will be measured using research-grade activity monitors validated for use in PD.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Daily Step Counts
Daily step counts refer to the number of steps taken per day. This will be measured using research-grade activity monitors validated for use in PD.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Daily Step Counts
Daily step counts refer to the number of steps taken per day. This will be measured using research-grade activity monitors validated for use in PD.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
6-Minute Walk Test
This is a test of long-distance walking capacity. The participant will be asked to "cover as much distance as they safely can" for 6 minutes. Total distance (m) is the main metric, with greater distance indicating greater walking capacity.
Time frame: Baseline 1
6-Minute Walk Test
This is a test of long-distance walking capacity. The participant will be asked to "cover as much distance as they safely can" for 6 minutes. Total distance (m) is the main metric, with greater distance indicating greater walking capacity.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
6-Minute Walk Test
This is a test of long-distance walking capacity. The participant will be asked to "cover as much distance as they safely can" for 6 minutes. Total distance (m) is the main metric, with greater distance indicating greater walking capacity.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
6-Minute Walk Test
This is a test of long-distance walking capacity. The participant will be asked to "cover as much distance as they safely can" for 6 minutes. Total distance (m) is the main metric, with greater distance indicating greater walking capacity.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Gait Speed
Gait speed (m/s) will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Gait Speed
Gait speed (m/s) will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Gait Speed
Gait speed (m/s) will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Gait Speed
Gait speed (m/s) will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Stride Length
Quantified metrics of stride length (m) will be collected using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Stride Length
Quantified metrics of stride length (m) will be collected using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Stride Length
Quantified metrics of stride length (m) will be collected using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Stride Length
Quantified metrics of stride length (m) will be collected using research-grade wearable sensors.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Variability of Stride Time
Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Variability of Stride Time
Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Variability of Stride Time
Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Variability of Stride Time
Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
Time frame: Baseline 1
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Comfortable Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at comfortable walking speed (CWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
Time frame: Baseline 1
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) - Fast Walking Speed
This is a test of short-distance walking function. The participant will be asked to walk at fast walking speed (FWS) on a ten-meter straight walkway.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Five Times Sit-to-Stand
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Five Times Sit-to-Stand
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Five Times Sit-to-Stand
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Five Times Sit-to-Stand
This test provides a method to quantify the time it takes for a person to stand up and sit down five times without using their hands.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Generic Walking Scale (Walk-12G)
This test is a self-report questionnaire that measures everyday walking difficulties. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walking difficulties.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Global Rating of Change (GROC) Scale
This self-reported rating scale measures overall perceived improvement in areas related to amount of walking, intensity of walking, and walking capacity. Scores range from -7 to +7, with higher scores indicating greater improvement.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
This test is a clinical balance assessment tool designed to examine various elements of balance control. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better balance.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Prefrontal Cortex Activity
Prefrontal cortex activity (based on oxygenated hemoglobin) will be measured using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during walking. This will be collected only for the cohort at Boston University.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Prefrontal Cortex Activity
Prefrontal cortex activity (based on oxygenated hemoglobin) will be measured using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during walking. This will be collected only for the cohort at Boston University.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Prefrontal Cortex Activity
Prefrontal cortex activity (based on oxygenated hemoglobin) will be measured using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during walking. This will be collected only for the cohort at Boston University.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Dual-Task Cost on Gait Speed
Dual-task cost is the difference between single-task walking and dual-task walking divided by single-task walking, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section I)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part I is an examination of non-motor experiences of daily living. Part IA is conducted by the rater, and Part IB is completed independently of the rater. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Section II)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part II is a self-administered questionnaire to examine motor experiences of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Subsection (MDS-UPDRS Section III)
The MDS-UPDRS is the most widely used clinical rating scale for Parkinson disease. Part III is a motor examination conducted by the rater. Scores range from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Variability of Stride Time During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride time variability will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using research-grade wearable sensors. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Speed During Walking with Digital Music Device
Speed (m/s) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Stride Length During Walking with Digital Music Device
Stride length (m) will be measured during walking with digital music device during in-lab assessments.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
Time frame: Baseline 1
Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
The PDQ-39 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses quality of life across 8 different dimensions. Items are scored based on a 5-point ordinal system with lower scores reflecting better quality of life (min = 0, max = 100).
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Self-Efficacy of Walking - Duration (SEW-D)
The SEW-D is a self-report that will be administered to determine participants' beliefs of their physical capabilities to successfully complete incremental 5-minute intervals (5 to 40 minutes) of walking at a moderately fast pace, with responses made on 11-point Likert scale (0% = not at all confident; 100% = highly confident), with higher scores indicating higher confidence.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC)
This test is a questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence (in percentage) that he/she will not lose balance or become unsteady while performing physical activities. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater confidence.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Trail-Making Test (TMT)
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Trail-Making Test (TMT)
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Trail-Making Test (TMT)
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Trail-Making Test (TMT)
This test measures the time it takes (seconds) to complete two visual-motor tasks. Higher scores indicate slower processing speed and greater cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 1
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Baseline 2 (2-3 weeks after Baseline 1)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (about 3 months)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to examine cognitive impairment. The score ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating less cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Follow-Up (about 1 month post-intervention)
Variability of Stride Time During MMQ Walking Program with Digital Music Device
Stride time variability will be measured during the MMQ walking program with the digital music device. Stride-to-stride variability of stride time of the gait cycle will be measured using integrated sensors from the music device. Stride time variability is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of stride time by the mean of stride time, multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.
Time frame: During training (about 3 months)
Speed During MMQ Walking Program with Digital Music Device
Speed (m/s) will be measured during the MMQ walking program with the digital music device. Speed will be measured using integrated sensors from the music device.
Time frame: During training (about 3 months)
Stride Length During MMQ Walking Program with Digital Music Device
Stride length (m) will be measured during the MMQ walking program with the digital music device. Stride length will be measured using integrated sensors from the music device.
Time frame: During training (about 3 months)