Exercise to Improve Outcomes in Pancreatic Cancer

Overview

Pancreatic cancer surgery (Whipple's procedure) is a major operation that can lead to reduced physical fitness, delayed recovery, and difficulty starting chemotherapy after surgery. Exercise before and after surgery may help improve recovery, but it is not known whether a personalised exercise programme delivered throughout the surgical pathway is practical or acceptable for patients. The Exercise to Improve Outcomes in Pancreatic Cancer (ExO-PanC) study is a single-arm feasibility study that will recruit adults with suspected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who are scheduled to undergo Whipple's procedure. Participants will receive an individualised exercise programme before surgery, during their hospital stay, and after discharge until the start of adjuvant chemotherapy. The programme will include aerobic exercise and resistance training prescribed according to each participant's fitness level. The primary objective is to determine whether this exercise programme is feasible by assessing recruitment, participant adherence, compliance with the prescribed exercise programme, and retention. Secondary exploratory objectives include evaluating surgical complications, initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy, physical fitness, quality of life, nutritional status, and blood, stool, and tumour biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes. Findings from this feasibility study will inform the design of a future multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the ExO-PanC programme.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor survival, reduced physical function, and a high burden of treatment-related morbidity. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure) often experience substantial declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function before and after surgery, which may contribute to postoperative complications, delayed recovery, and reduced likelihood of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. While prehabilitation programmes are increasingly incorporated into routine care, current approaches are not typically individualised using objective measures of physical fitness and generally do not extend across the entire perioperative pathway. The Exercise to Improve Outcomes in Pancreatic Cancer (ExO-PanC) study has been developed to evaluate the feasibility of a personalised exercise programme delivered before surgery, during hospital admission, and throughout postoperative recovery until the commencement of adjuvant chemotherapy. Exercise prescriptions will be individualised using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), muscle strength assessments, and functional performance measures, allowing exercise intensity and progression to be tailored to each participant's physiological capacity. Participants will undergo repeated assessments of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, muscle strength, nutritional status, quality of life, and biological sampling throughout the study. Blood, stool, and surgically resected tumour tissue will be collected to explore biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes and responses to exercise. The primary objective of this feasibility study is to determine whether the ExO-PanC intervention can be successfully delivered across the perioperative pathway by evaluating participant recruitment, adherence, compliance with prescribed exercise, and study retention. Exploratory analyses will investigate surgical complications, initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy, changes in physical fitness and quality of life, and relationships between biological markers and clinical outcomes. Results from this study will establish the feasibility of implementing a personalised perioperative exercise programme for patients undergoing pancreatic cancer surgery and will provide essential data to inform the design of a future adequately powered multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the ExO-PanC intervention.