Sleep is a major public health concern in the United States. Major guidelines recommend that adults obtain at least 7 hours of sleep per night. More than 25% of U.S. adults do not meet this recommendation, and 14.5% report difficulty falling asleep on most days or every day during the past month. The investigators developed a low-cost, easily accessible sleep intervention using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of this intervention on sleep outcomes among U.S. adults.
After providing informed consent, participants will complete a baseline assessment and then be randomized to either the AI chatbot intervention or a waitlist control. The intervention group will receive immediate access to the AI-powered sleep chatbot for 2 weeks, while the waitlist control group will continue their usual sleep habits without chatbot access. Following the post-intervention assessment, participants in the waitlist control group will receive access to the chatbot. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 3 and 6 months after randomization.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
Participants engage with an AI chatbot for two weeks to learn personalized education and skills regarding sleep promotion
New York University
New York, New York, United States
COMPLETEDNew York University
New York, New York, United States
RECRUITINGFitbit-measured sleep duration
Sleep duration will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the total amount of time spent asleep during the primary sleep period, expressed in minutes.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Fitbit-measured sleep onset
Sleep onset will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the time from attempting to fall asleep to sleep onset, expressed in minutes.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Fitbit-measured sleep efficiency
Sleep efficiency will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the percentage of time spent asleep while in bed, expressed as a percentage (%).
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Fitbit-measured wake after sleep onset
Wake after sleep onset will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the total amount of time participants are awake after initially falling asleep until the final awakening, expressed in minutes.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Perceived sleep quality
Perceived sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The total score ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Daytime sleepiness
Daytime sleepiness will be measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater daytime sleepiness.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Sleep hygiene
Sleep hygiene will be measured using the Sleep Hygiene Index. The total score ranges from 13 to 65, with a higher score indicating poorer sleep hygiene (a worse outcome).
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Sleep environment
Sleep Environment measured by the Assessment of Sleep Environment
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Number of awakenings
Number of awakenings will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the total number of wake episodes occurring during the primary sleep period, expressed as the number of awakenings.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Light sleep duration
Light sleep duration will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the total time spent in the light sleep stage during the primary sleep period, expressed in minutes.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Deep sleep duration
Deep sleep duration will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the total time spent in the deep sleep stage during the primary sleep period, expressed in minutes.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Rapid eye movement sleep duration
Rapid eye movement sleep duration will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the total time spent in the rapid eye movement sleep stage during the primary sleep period, expressed in minutes.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Wake duration
Wake duration will be measured objectively using Fitbit and defined as the total time spent awake during the primary sleep period, expressed in minutes.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep
Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep will be measured using the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-16). The total scores range from 0 to 10, with a higher score indicating more dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-4. The total score ranges from 0 to 16, with a higher score indicating greater perceived stress.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Anxiety
Anxiety will be measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2. The total score ranges from 0 to 6, with a higher score indicating greater anxiety symptom severity.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups
Fatigue
Fatigue will be measured using the Fatigue Severity Scale. The total score ranges from 1 to 7, with a higher score indicating greater fatigue severity.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups