Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Reducing Anxiety and Pain During the First Postoperative Orthopedic Dressing Change in Pediatric Patients

Overview

The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to learn whether immersive virtual reality can reduce anxiety and pain in children and adolescents undergoing postoperative orthopedic dressing changes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does immersive virtual reality reduce anxiety during postoperative dressing changes compared with standard care? Does immersive virtual reality reduce pain and physiological signs of distress, such as changes in heart rate and respiratory rate? Researchers will compare participants who use an immersive virtual reality headset during the dressing change with participants who receive standard care without virtual reality. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to the virtual reality group or the standard care group Undergo a postoperative orthopedic dressing change with or without immersive virtual reality Report their anxiety and pain before and after the procedure Have their heart rate and respiratory rate measured before, during, and after the dressing change

Postoperative orthopedic dressing changes can cause anxiety, pain, and physiological distress in pediatric patients. Immersive virtual reality may provide a non-pharmacological form of distraction by directing the participant's attention away from the clinical procedure and toward an engaging virtual environment. This randomized clinical trial was conducted in a pediatric orthopedic unit to evaluate the use of immersive virtual reality during postoperative dressing changes. After enrollment and baseline assessment, participants were randomly assigned to receive either immersive virtual reality in addition to the usual dressing procedure or standard care alone. Participants assigned to the virtual reality group wore a head-mounted display and viewed an immersive virtual environment during the dressing change. Participants assigned to the standard care group underwent the same clinical procedure according to usual practice without virtual reality. The dressing change was performed by the clinical team in accordance with routine postoperative care. Anxiety, pain, heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were assessed at predefined time points before, during, and after the procedure, as applicable. These measurements were used to examine whether immersive virtual reality was associated with reduced psychological and physiological distress during the dressing change. The study was designed to provide evidence on the potential usefulness of immersive virtual reality as a non-drug supportive intervention during postoperative procedures in pediatric orthopedic care.