Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Post-TB Lung Disease

Inclusion Criteria: \*Criteria aplicable to all participants:\* * Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent (or assent with parental/legal guardian consent for minors). * Willingness and ability to comply with study procedures and scheduled visits. * Willingness and ability to participate in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme, including: supervised exercise, respiratory physiotherapy, health education and psychosocial support. * Enrolment at one of the participating study sites. \*COHORT 1: People with pulmonary tuberculosis\* * Diagnosis of pulmonary TB confirmed by bacteriological methods (genotypic or phenotypic assays). * Drug-susceptible or drug-resistant TB are both eligible. * Initiation of anti-TB treatment within ≤14 days prior to enrolment. * Identified through passive, active or intensified case finding strategies, including healthcare facilities, contact tracing, or community screening. \*COHORT 2: People with PTLD\* * History of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB and completion of anti-TB treatment. * No evidence of active TB disease at the time of enrolment. * Enrolment must occur within 6 months after completion of TB treatment, or at study entry if the participant already has a previously established diagnosis of PTLD. * Presence of post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), defined as abnormalities in at least two of the following domains: * \_Impaired lung function\_ * \_Persistent respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough, dyspnoea)\_ * \_Structural abnormalities on chest imaging\_ Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis with extrapulmonary TB without pulmonary TB. * Anti-TB treatment initiated more than 14 days before study enrolment. * Pregnant women or those with suspected pregnancy will be excluded from the study, since chest X-rays are contraindicated to avoid any potential adverse effect on foetal development. * Participants who are unable or unwilling to give their written informed consent to participate in the study or whose parents/legal guardians are unable or unwilling to provide consent for paediatric participants. * Participants aged \<5 or \>65 years old due to age-related biological response impairments that can bias the analyses.