At baseline, venous blood samples were collected from all eligible participants. The following biochemical parameters were analysed: serum electrolytes (mineral profile), fasting glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen, total proteins, albumin, bilirubin, liver enzymes, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TAG), serum iron, active vitamin D, vitamin B12, complete blood count. At baseline, all participants also underwent standardized anthropometric measurements, including height (cm), body weight (kg) and BMI was calculated accordingly. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis with the InBody Tanita MC-780MA device. The following parameters were recorded: total body fat (kg, %), visceral fat (kg, %), skeletal muscle mass (kg, %), total muscle mass (kg, %), total body water (kg, %), sarcopenic index (kg/m²), phase angle. To assess health-related quality of life and symptom burden, all participants completed validated questionnaires: World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health-10 (PROMIS-10), Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QoL) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). After the one-month intervention, participants in the VEG group repeated laboratory testing, anthropometric assessment, body composition analysis, and questionnaire evaluation. The same follow-up assessments were performed in the WD group for comparative purposes. Long-term vegans (VEG-P) did not undergo repeated measurements. Dietary Monitoring and Adherence At study enrolment, all participants were offered a dietary consultation to improve adherence to the assigned dietary regimen. Participants were also instructed to maintain a food diary throughout the study period, which was periodically reviewed via telephone or email consultation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
31
omnivores transmitted to vegan diet
University Hospital Martin
Martin, Žilina Region, Slovakia
The difference in body weight (kg), between healthy vegans (more than 2 years) and omnivores.
To comprehensively compare body weight among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term vegans and omnivores).
Time frame: Baseline
The difference in body weight (kg) between omnivores and intervention group (omnivores transitioned to vegan diet).
To comprehensively compare body weight among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks
The difference in lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides), between healthy vegans (more than 2 years) and omnivores.
At baseline, venous blood samples were collected from all eligible participants to analyse lipid profile: total cholesterol (mmol/l), triaglycerides (mmol/l).
Time frame: Baseline
The difference in C-reactive protein (CRP), between healthy vegans (more than 2 years) and omnivores.
At baseline, venous blood samples were collected from all eligible participants to analyse CRP (mg/l).
Time frame: Baseline
The difference in lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides) between omnivores and intervention group (omnivores transitioned to vegan diet).
To comprehensively compare lipid profile parameters among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group). Venous blood samples were analyzed to measure total cholesterol (mmol/l) and triglycerides (mmol/l).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks
The difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) between omnivores and intervention group (omnivores transitioned to vegan diet).
To comprehensively compare CRP parameters among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group). Venous blood samples were analyzed to measure CRP (mg/l).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks.
World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF)
To evaluate a difference in health-related quality of life using World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group - omnivores trasmitted to vegan diet).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks
Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM).
To evaluate a difference in health-related quality of life using Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM), among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group - omnivores trasmitted to vegan diet).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health-10 (PROMIS-10).
To evaluate a difference in health-related quality of life using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health-10 (PROMIS-10), among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group - omnivores trasmitted to vegan diet).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks.
Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QoL).
To evaluate a difference in health-related quality of life using Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QoL), among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group - omnivores trasmitted to vegan diet).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks.
Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15).
To evaluate a difference in health-related quality of life using Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), among individuals following different dietary patterns (long-term omnivores and intervention group - omnivores trasmitted to vegan diet).
Time frame: From baseline to the end of intervention at 4 weeks.
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