2D:4D Digit Ratio and Urinary Stone Disease

N/ANot Yet RecruitingNCT07736924

Emrah Kızılay300 enrolled

Overview

This prospective observational case-control study will investigate whether the 2D:4D digit ratio is associated with urinary stone disease. Adults undergoing non-contrast computed tomography at Malatya Training and Research Hospital will be classified as cases if kidney and/or ureteral stones are detected and as controls if no urinary stones are detected and there is no previous history of stone disease or stone surgery. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers of both hands will be measured using a digital caliper by two independent observers who are blinded to the participant group. The study will also examine whether the 2D:4D ratio is associated with recurrent stone disease, stone burden, and bilateral or multiple stones.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

300

Conditions

Urinary Stone

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older * Provision of written informed consent * Undergoing non-contrast computed tomography at Malatya Training and Research Hospital during the study period * For cases: presence of at least one kidney and/or ureteral stone on non-contrast computed tomography * For controls: absence of stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder on non-contrast computed tomography * For controls: no previous physician-diagnosed urinary stone disease or history of stone-related surgery * Feasibility of bilateral second- and fourth-digit length measurements Exclusion Criteria: * Congenital deformity of the hands or fingers * History of hand or finger trauma, fracture, surgery, or amputation that may affect digit length measurement * Severe hand deformity, contracture, or advanced joint disease preventing reliable measurement * Incomplete, inadequate, or technically unreliable 2D:4D measurements * Missing essential clinical, demographic, or imaging data * Pregnancy * Presence of bladder stones * Urinary diversion, major urinary tract reconstruction, or a significant structural urinary tract anomaly

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Urinary Stone Disease Status

The lengths of the second and fourth digits of both hands will be measured using a digital caliper by two independent observers blinded to group status. Right and left 2D:4D ratios will be calculated by dividing the length of the second digit by the length of the fourth digit. The mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio will be calculated as the average of the right and left ratios and compared between participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones and stone-free controls.

Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

Secondary Outcomes

Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Recurrent Stone Disease Status

Among participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones, recurrent stone disease will be defined as at least one previous physician-diagnosed urinary stone episode, spontaneous stone passage, or stone-related surgical intervention before the current stone episode. The mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio will be compared between participants with recurrent stone disease and those experiencing their first documented stone episode.

Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

Association Between Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Total Stone Burden

Among participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones, total stone burden will be calculated as the sum of the maximum diameters of all detected stones in millimeters on non-contrast computed tomography. The association between mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio and total stone burden will be evaluated.

Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Bilateral and/or Multiple Stone Presentation

Among participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones, bilateral stone disease will be defined as the presence of stones on both sides of the urinary tract, and multiple stone disease will be defined as the presence of two or more distinct stones. The mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio will be compared between participants with bilateral and/or multiple stones and those with a solitary unilateral stone.

Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

2D:4D Digit Ratio and Urinary Stone Disease

Overview

Conditions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

Central Contacts