Acute intoxication with psychoactive substances represents a major public health issue and a frequent reason for emergency department (ED) visits. Beyond the acute medical management of intoxication, one of the main challenges remains the continuity of addiction care after discharge. Many patients disengage rapidly from follow-up services, leading to recurrent intoxication episodes, repeated ED admissions, and increased morbidity. The IPAIS study (Interventions Précoces en Addictologie dans le cadre des urgences par Intoxications aiguës aux Stupéfiants) is a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label clinical trial designed to evaluate whether an enhanced early addiction care pathway improves retention in addiction treatment among patients admitted to emergency departments for acute intoxication involving at least one illicit psychoactive substance (excluding isolated alcohol intoxication). All participants will receive an early addiction consultation within 24 to 72 hours following the acute event. In the experimental group, this consultation will be combined with a structured and standardized feedback session on toxicological analysis results and a proactive follow-up strategy including scheduled telephone contacts over a 6-month period. The control group will receive early addiction consultation according to usual care procedures, without the structured feedback and standardized follow-up program implemented in the experimental arm. The primary objective of the study is to determine whether the enhanced intervention improves retention in the addiction care pathway at 6 months after inclusion. Retention is defined as sustained engagement in addiction care, operationalized as at least one addiction-related consultation per month and/or regular telephone-based addiction follow-up over the 6-month period.
Acute intoxication with psychoactive substances is a major public health issue and a frequent reason for emergency department visits. Beyond the acute medical management of intoxication, a key challenge remains ensuring continuity of addiction care after discharge. Many patients quickly disengage from follow-up services, leading to recurrent episodes of intoxication, repeated emergency department admissions, and increased morbidity. The IPAIS study (Early Addiction Interventions in Emergency Settings for Acute Intoxication with Illicit Drugs) is a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label clinical trial designed to evaluate whether an enhanced early addiction care pathway improves retention in addiction treatment among patients admitted to the emergency department for acute intoxication involving at least one illicit psychoactive substance (excluding isolated alcohol intoxication). All participants will receive an early addiction consultation within 24 to 72 hours of the acute event. In the experimental group, this consultation will be combined with a structured, standardized feedback session regarding toxicology results and a proactive follow-up strategy involving scheduled telephone contacts over a 6-month period. The control group will receive an early addiction consultation according to standard care procedures, without the structured feedback and standardized follow-up program implemented in the experimental group. The primary objective of the study is to determine whether the enhanced intervention improves retention in the addiction care pathway 6 months after enrollment. Retention is defined as sustained engagement in addiction care, operationalized as at least one addiction-related consultation per month and/or regular telephone follow-up over the 6-month period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
266
The intervention consists of a structured early addiction care program initiated during hospitalization for acute psychoactive substance intoxication. It includes: * A standardized addiction consultation during the index hospitalization; * A protocolized follow-up schedule over 6 months, with 1-2 structured contacts per month (in-person or telephone); * Systematic harm reduction assessment and counseling at predefined visits; * Collection and structured feedback of toxicological results (urine, blood, and hair samples), including discussion of discrepancies between declared and detected substance use; * Reinforcement of linkage to addiction services and maintenance in the care pathway. The intervention aims to enhance patient engagement, insight into substance use patterns, and long-term retention in addiction care.
The intervention consists of a streamlined consultation with the implementation of addiction follow-up, possibly via video and telephone, and "treatment as usual" with routine toxicology tests typically used in most emergency departments. This program includes: * A standardized addiction consultation during initial hospitalization; * Addiction follow-up with random interviews and/or workshops, at least once a month, lasting 6 months or at the patient's request; * A systematic harm reduction assessment and support during pre-defined consultations, without taking into account the results of hair samples tests; * Collection of toxicology results (hair follicle), including a discussion of discrepancies between reported and detected substance use, at the end of the study at month 6.
Hôpital Saint Antoine
Paris, France
Unité d'Addictologie Hospitalière/ELSA Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière
Paris, France
Hôpital Tenon
Paris, France
hôpital kremlin Bicêtre
Paris, France
Retention in addiction care at 6 months
Proportion of randomized participants who are still actively engaged in a structured addiction care pathway 6 months after randomization. Retention is defined as attendance at ≥1 scheduled addiction care contact (in-person visit, structured psychological session, or protocol-defined telephone follow-up) within the predefined follow-up window around Month 6 (±30 days), without documented loss to follow-up or withdrawal from addiction care.
Time frame: 6 months after randomization
Rate of recurrent acute intoxication episodes.
Proportion of randomized participants experiencing at least one new episode of acute intoxication requiring emergency department visit or hospitalization within 3 months and within 6 months after randomization. A recurrent acute intoxication episode is defined as a documented presentation to an emergency department or hospital admission for acute poisoning related to new psychoactive substances (NPS) or other psychoactive drugs occurring after the index episode that led to study inclusion. Data will be collected through hospital medical records review and structured follow-up interviews. Separate proportions will be calculated at 3 months and 6 months.
Time frame: 3 months and 6 months after randomization
Change in Anxiety and depression score
Assenssment of Anxiety and depression using the HADS scale : Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, between baseline and 6 months. Anxiety subscale from 0 to 21 Depression subscale from 0 to 21 A higher score indicates a more severe condition (worse result).
Time frame: Randomisation (Day 7) and Month 1; relapse assessed up to 6 months
Change in health-related quality score
Assenssment of health-related quality usign the Short Form-36 (SF-36), between baseline and 6 months. SF-36 ranging from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a better quality of life (better outcome)
Time frame: Randomisation (Day 7) and Month 1; relapse assessed up to 6 months
Change in severity of sleep disorders score
Assessment of sleep disorders usign the Insomnia Severity Index scale (ISI) between baseline and 6 months, rangin from 0 to 28. A higher score indicates more severe insomnia.
Time frame: Randomisation (Day 7) and Month 1; relapse assessed up to 6 months
Change in Need for thrills score
Assenssment of the need for thrills using the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS),between baseline and 6 months, raging from 0 to 40 (for the short version). A higher score indicates a more pronounced need for sensation.
Time frame: Randomisation (Day 7) and Month 1; relapse assessed up to 6 months
Change in drug use practices : weekly Number of Drug Use Sessions
Evolution of individual weekly number of substance use sessions (sessions/week) - all substances combined or by substance, as reported by the participant -, between baseline and 6 months (at M1, M3, M4, and M6), using the CANDITOX questionnaire (Assessment of the infectious risks related to intravenous drug use) -not validated, but routinely used in clinical practice for evaluating patients with injection drug use -, administered at baseline (by day 7 at the latest). A decrease in the number of sessions may indicate an improvement. Analyses will focus on within-participant change between baseline and Month 6, with intermediate assessments used to describe trajectories over follow-up.
Time frame: From baseline (inclusion) to 6 months; assessed at Month 1 (M1), Month 3 (M3), Month 4 (M4), and Month 6 (M6)
Change in drug use practices : daily quantity consumed
Evolution in Daily Quantity of Drug Consumed (grams/day), between baseline and 6 months (at M1, M3, M4, and M6), using the CANDITOX questionnaire (Assessment of the infectious risks related to intravenous drug use) -not validated, but routinely used in clinical practice for evaluating patients with injection drug use -, administered at baseline (by day 7 at the latest). A decrease in the number of sessions may indicate an improvement. Analyses will focus on within-participant change between baseline and Month 6, with intermediate assessments used to describe trajectories over follow-up.
Time frame: From baseline (inclusion) to 6 months; assessed at Month 1 (M1), Month 3 (M3), Month 4 (M4), and Month 6 (M6)
Change in the frequency and/or occurrence of drug-related complications
Evolution of associated complications associated with drug use between baseline and 6 months (at M1, M3, M4, and M6), using the CANDITOX questionnaire ((Assessment of the infectious risks related to intravenous drug use) -not validated, but routinely used in clinical practice for evaluating patients with injection drug use -, administered at baseline (by day 7 at the latest). A decrease in the total number of complications indicates an improvement.
Time frame: From baseline (inclusion) to 6 months; assessed at Month 1 (M1), Month 3 (M3), Month 4 (M4), and Month 6 (M6)
Change in harm reduction knowledge and implementation score
Assessment of participants' knowledge and implementation of harm reduction strategies related to psychoactive substance use. Knowledge will be evaluated using a structured harm reduction questionnaire. The primary metric will be the change in total knowledge score over time. Secondary analyses will assess the proportion of participants reporting implementation of harm reduction practices between assessments.
Time frame: Month 1 (baseline for knowledge assessment), Month 3, and Month 6
Number of Declarations Submitted to the Regional Health Agency (ARS)
Number of formal notifications and toxicological reports related to newly identified or atypical psychoactive substances generated by the study team during the 6-month study period. Notifications are based on biological samples (urine, blood, hair) and/or powder analyses collected during the study and reported using the SINTES questionnaire framework. The outcome will be reported as a cumulative count over the 6-month follow-up period.
Time frame: From baseline (Day 0) to Month 6
Number of Addiction-Vigilance Notifications Transmitted to the French Addictovigilance Network (CEIP)
Number of Addiction-Vigilance Notifications Transmitted to the French Addictovigilance generated by the study team during the 6-month study period. Notifications are based on biological samples (urine, blood, hair) and/or powder analyses collected during the study and reported using the SINTES questionnaire framework. The outcome will be reported as a cumulative count over the 6-month follow-up period.
Time frame: From baseline (Day 0) to Month 6
Number of Analytical Results Transmitted to the OFDT
Number of Analytical Results Transmitted to the French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT) specifically within the TREND-SINTES surveillance system (Île-de-France). Notifications are based on biological samples (urine, blood, hair) and/or powder analyses collected during the study and reported using the SINTES questionnaire framework. The outcome will be reported as a cumulative count over the 6-month follow-up period.
Time frame: From baseline (Day 0) to Month 6
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