A total of 123 participants (291 implants) applying to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University will be included in the study. Based on anamnesis, radiographic examination, and the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, the participants will be categorized into three groups: peri-implant health (n = 97 implants), peri-implant mucositis (n = 97 implants), and peri-implantitis (n = 97 implants). Information regarding participants' coffee consumption habits and their daily coffee intake will be collected. Clinical parameters to be measured will include plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. The frequency of coffee consumption will be evaluated as daily, 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week, once per month, twice per month, and once per year. The amount of coffee consumed at a single occasion (cup, glass, mug, etc.) will also be recorded. In caffeinated coffee consumption, the preference for weak, moderate, or strong coffee, as well as consumption with milk, condensed milk, sugar, honey, or sweeteners will be assessed. For Turkish coffee, the consumption pattern will be categorized as unsweetened, moderately sweetened, or sweetened.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
291
The type of coffee consumed, the daily amount of coffee, and the frequency of consumption were measured.
Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University
Bolu, Bolu, Turkey (Türkiye)
Frequency of consumption of coffee
The frequency of fermented foods is measured. The foods questioned were evaluated using a 7-point Likert-type frequency form (every day, 3-4 per week, 1-2 per week, 2 per month, 1 per month, never). In addition, the amounts of foods consumed each time were recorded, and the daily consumption amounts were obtained by dividing them by the frequency of consumption.
Time frame: Baseline
probing depth
Physical methods to measure the distance from the bottom of a pocket to a reference line, usually the gingival margin or the cemento-enamel junction
Time frame: Baseline
bleeding on probing
The bleeding on probing index was established as the occurrence of bleeding in the sulcus, thirty seconds after measuring the depth of the periodontal pockets in all dental implant.
Time frame: Baseline
plaque index
An index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque that occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases.
Time frame: Baseline
gingival index
The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum.
Time frame: Baseline
clinical attachment level
The peri-implant clinical attachment level is determined by measuring the distance from the implant margin to the base of the mucosal sulcus using a Williams periodontal probe.
Time frame: Baseline
Gingival recession
Gingival recession is the measured distance between the enamel-cementum and the gingival margin. Assessment was performed using a Williams periodontal probe.
Time frame: Baseline
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